Bypass (road)

A bypass or bypass is a road that is a village by road traffic, particularly from long-distance transport or transit relieve and improve traffic flow. Another common name is bypass ( in Austria and Switzerland: ring road ).

Bypasses are created either in ring mold or lead on one side past the center. In the latter case, they are often named after their orientation (eg northern bypass ).

In Germany, many bypasses are part of federal highways or country roads, originally developed historically led through the village. Sometimes they have the status of a dual carriageway.

Part of bypass

In contrast to the bypass not the entire place is bypassed with a partial bypass; instead, the road laid inside of the place on a new path on which the through traffic can pass through the village better. Part bypasses are then built when a full bypass are not economically or technically feasible. Planning a partial bypass is closely associated with the city planning of the respective village.

Influence of traffic

Originally towns developed along transport routes, because of the trade, as a prerequisite for developing communities, without adequate transport infrastructure is not possible. What was at first mainly a location advantage, developed with the advent of motor transport, however, more and more of a burden.

The regional traffic is generated primarily from the supply of commercial enterprises and industrial enterprises, and the shipment of goods to local businesses, as well as from the private and public transport on the way to work, shopping or other errands.

An approach that attracts little inter-regional traffic, but relieves the town center, is a slow bypass road that is scheduled narrower and narrower with curves. The dismemberment of the bypass with the use of roundabouts is in this context popular, though not without controversy, because they are perceived as unreasonable.

Controversies

The planning of bypasses is often the occasion for discussion in local politics, where not infrequently citizens' initiatives are involved. On the one hand, there are citizen initiatives that criticize the planned road, as, for example, residents could be an additional burden on the outskirts by the construction of the bypass, or because they may have natural protection concerns.

On the other hand, there are citizens' initiatives that expect a traffic relief for the site by the construction of a bypass road and want to push forward with its planning and construction. Some of these pro- street - citizen initiatives, the own establishment was, according to the mirror by the Society for the Promotion of environmentally sound road and traffic planning ( GSV ), a lobbying organization for the Automobile and Road Construction Industry initiated.

In many places, should bypass roads completely or partially run on existing railway lines, which have been decommissioned thereto, must be dismantled and deconsecrated, possibly contrary of initiatives to maintain or reactivation. Any other construction, water course or worth protecting natural areas force, at least in mountainous terrain, often an elaborate route with bridges or tunnels. The significant costs associated with it, delay or prevent rarely also the construction of bypasses. Both problem areas affect each other and may complicate the solution of conflicts of interest on.

In general, the effects of bypasses are controversial. Large lobby groups such as Pro mobility, industry and commerce or the GSV, committed to the construction of numerous bypasses expect this:

  • Traffic relief in town
  • A generally better traffic flow
  • So less congestion and therefore a macroeconomic benefits
  • Significant noise reductions
  • Improving road safety
  • Reduce the health impacts of traffic noise and exhaust fumes
  • Revitalization of town centers
  • Increase pedestrian and cyclist rate in intra- local total traffic

The environmental lobby group BUND, however, speaks during the construction of bypasses in a background paper by pseudo-solutions. He expects the Ortsumgehungsbau:

  • In most cases, only minor noise relief
  • When viewed in a global comparison, no improvement of road safety and no reduction in accident costs
  • An increase in total traffic load
  • Mostly no significant traffic relief of Ortsdurchfahrten

Possible alternatives to a bypass road

In order to reduce the traffic load of places, there are also some alternatives. These include measures to reduce road traffic noise (eg noise barriers, sound proof windows ), traffic avoidance, modal shift and traffic calming. Truck transit prohibitions are particularly useful where due to a parallel toll highway truck traffic diversion moves to routes through the villages.

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