Cabinet (government)

As Cabinet a particular government of a (federal) government is in politics mostly used to describe more precisely the government team, so the respective occupation of the Government and its ministers and other senior officials in their entirety. In addition, however, much less likely, we find the term Cabinet also used to denote other conductive rods, not a government, at the highest or lower state level or at the top of a high authority ( then usually a federal agency ).

At the conceptual history and national use

Is named by the Cabinet of the chamber ( Cabinet [ back ] Room ' ), in which once a ruler of his closest associates received. The Chef de Cabinet was then a connecting point to rulers, a function that is referred to today as Prime Minister (, Chairman of the Ministers '), Council of Ministers Chairman, Prime Minister (, First the Minister '), district president, prime minister or chancellor - originally the Chancellor was the head of chancellery, so top private secretary to the monarch. How is the position of this item to the cabinet and the head of the Cabinet Minister or college depends on the development of parliamentarism and political system in each country. Such a position as chancellor and cabinet chief for example, has still the head of government of the Principality of Liechtenstein, which is taken in office and duty as a single member of the government by the prince.

In the early days of the civil government members asked often only individual, particularly high-level ministerial actually had the right to audition directly to the monarch, while others had to make submissions on the law firm. The dates on the earlier period in which the Secret Cabinet ( secret: personal room of the prince ) was the consulting room, to which only the privy councilors had access. This priority was referring to those matters which the autocrat done immediately wanted to know (Cabinet things), so called these ministers and the cabinet ministers. Such a body was the Austrian Staats-/Reichsrat from Maria Theresa. In the United States, for example today is in accordance with the United States Cabinet of the President of a round only with the most important ministers, and some other leading officials nichtministeriellen (about Chief of Staff, Ambassador to the UN ). However, it is customary at this stage that all the ministers belonging to the Cabinet.

In French, we described the government team, the Council of Ministers, originally as the Ministry, later the expression Ministry goes to the portfolio, ie a specific area of ​​responsibility, or the department (therefore there is a Minister without explicit Ministry, and Minister without Portfolio ) and then click the officials of a particular Minister or the authority as a whole about how the word ministry today used as - during the Council of Ministers is contemporary applied to the multilateral meeting of ministers with common portfolio, ie subject-specific committees, not institutions of government. In the French language, which is also used in the European Union, the term Cabinet ( cabinet ) still not the government but the staff - so the closest collaborators - a leader or politician authorities. Therefore, a Chief of Cabinet is the "right hand " of a politician or senior officials. Accordingly, there is a Cabinet a Cabinet du président de la République as Privatsekräteriat of the President, and in every French ministry. And so all of the commissioners, but also the President of the European Parliament and Directors General of the administration of the various EU institutions have cabinets - the institution with the function of government (ie the College of department head ) is called Commission.

In Austria, the Prime Ministers college is called (or [ federal ] government ) also French style today. The [ federal ] Chancellor as head of government is true - in the sense of primus inter pares (' first among equals ') - as a member of the Council of Ministers, he can - but need not - also run a ministry, as did the Vice-Chancellor. With Cabinet, however, the Office of the Chancellor, called the office of the Chancellor, the Vice Chancellor and each minister. The Chef de Cabinet of Government or Minister and the Cabinet Mitt workers belong neither to the government team still mandatory for civil servants, there are also diplomats, lawyers or free political consultant. For government but include - not formally, but de facto - the secretaries of state, the additional officers, the special supervision, but no instructions on ministry have.

There, where the state model follows English Usance called Cabinet Minister but usually the entire college (see Westminster system). In Germany the word cabinet is not found in the Basic Law. It is still commonly used and referred to the government ( federal cabinet, state government ).

In monarchies, as in the Netherlands, the use is also common, as you can so call the government without the monarch, who often nominally the government listened, but no daily politics operates. In addition, the Cabinet system is disseminated, in which the entire government must make decisions that do not (also) the head of government or individual ministers as in Germany.

In Switzerland takes place at a new election no direct transformation of the Federal Council, the College of Heads of Department, instead, but the cast is limited to fixed four years each, the government is therefore being rendered continuously by new personnel.

In Anglo-Saxon as well as Nordic political system also strict in continental Europe, one-to -one mapping Minister for Ministry is not common, often has a ministry (department, so government department ) with several peer ministers.

Nomenclature of the cabinets (Governments)

Cabinets are now named typically after the Prime Minister, and transformations - for new elections, but also for other reasons - numbered so officiated the Cabinet Papandreou I, the Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou in 1981, the election and took office until 1985 Papandreou still officiated one. additional term of up to 1989 (cabinet Papandreou II), and again from 1993 to 1996 ( Papandreou III). The 2009-2011 his son called according Cabinet Giorgos Papandreou, and also adds the older cabinets today Andreas order to distinguish at.