Cabombaceae

Giant Haarnixe ( Cabomba aquatica )

The hair mermaids plants ( Cabombaceae ) are a small family in the order of the lily -like ( Nymphaeales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ).

  • 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

All species of the family Cabombaceae are perennial herbaceous plants. There are aquatic plants with branched rhizomes, all of which are anchored in the seabed with adventitious roots. A secondary growth does not occur. In plants may be present or absent depending on the type of clear or colored milky juice. The slender stems are branched.

When leaves are sorted by class: at Brasenia only floating leaves, or in the heterophyllous Cabomba underwater and floating leaves present. The leaves are alternate and spiral, two - or four lines; or opposite arranged. The leaf blade is often heart-shaped, simple or divided, with some species peltate ( Peltatum ). When the leaf blade is divided - that only happens in underwater leaves - then their ends are divided dichotomously. There are no stipules present.

Generative features

The flowers are single, laterally between the nodes ( more nodes ) on long to short flower stems at or above the water level. The in relation to the lily family ( Nymphaeaceae ) small flowers are hermaphroditic, radial symmetry and threefold. The flowers are mainly in petal circles divided ( in contrast to the closely related family, Nymphaeaceae, in which the flower parts are still arranged spirally ); However, sometimes the carpels or carpels and stamens are spirally arranged. The perianth consists of two alternating circles. The three little more than overgrown with each other, so mostly free sepals are kronblattähnlich. The three yellow, purple or white petals have two nectaries; they can be nailed. There are at Cabomba three to six, at Brasenia 12 to 18 or more ( centripetal evolving ), equal, free, fertile stamens present. The anthers are tetrasporangiat. The pollen grains are sulkat, sometimes trichotomosulkat and have an aperture. The one to 22, usually three to 18 ( depending on species) the upper permanent carpels ( carpels ) are free - an original feature - but with only a few ( usually two to three, one to five ) ovules. The flowers are only open during the day. Pollination in Cabomba carried by insects (flies, entomophily ) and Brasenia is wind pollinated.

Surrounded by the bloom cladding, leathery fruits are achenes or balgfruchtähnlich and contain one to three seeds. The fruits can be combined to form a multiple fruit. The seeds have a small endosperm. It also forms two fleshy cotyledons ( cotyledons ).

Dissemination

They are found in temperate to tropical regions of the world. In Europe, they are no longer at home since the Ice Age; Brasenia schreberi was detected in soil layers for Europe ( DW Taylor et al. 2001 and ML Taylor et al. 2008).

System

The first publication of the family name Cabombaceae in 1822 by Louis Claude Marie Richard in Achille Richard: Dictionnaire classique d' histoire naturelle, 2, pp. 608 type genus Cabomba is Aubl .. A synonym for Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich. is Hydropeltidaceae Dum ..

For example, in Kuan Ke - chien in Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. , 27, 1979, pp. 5-6, it is still a subfamily within the family Nymphaeaceae Cabomboideae.

To the family of Cabombaceae include two genera with six species:

  • . Brasenia Schreb: There are just flooding change-constant leaves present; they are simple and peltate ( Peltatum ). There are usually 12 to 36 ( to 51) stamens present. The scars are elongated. The only kind: Water Shield or mucus herb ( Brasenia schreberi JFGmel. ): History is Africa, subtropical Asia, America and eastern Australia.

Use

Few species are used as aquarium plants.

In China and Japan plant parts are eaten by Brasenia schreberi. Especially leaf buds are raw canned as a salad, even in glasses, eaten. The underground plant parts are eaten cooked. From the underground plant parts also a kind of flour is produced. Medical effects have been investigated.

Swell

  • The Cabombaceae in APWebsite family. (Section Description and systematics)
  • The Cabombaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. ( Description section )
  • John. H. Wiersema: Cabombaceae: text Registered as printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511246-6 (Section Description and systematics)
  • Dezhi Fu & John H. Wiersema: Cabomaceae: - text Registered as printed work, Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 6 - Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2001. ISBN 1-930723-05-9 (Section Description and systematics)
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