Cakile

European sea rocket ( Cakile maritima )

Sea rocket ( Cakile ) is a genus in the family of cruciferous plants ( Brassicaceae).

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance, roots and leaves

Sea mustard species are mostly annuals, rarely perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of growth of up to 0.8 meters. The tap roots can become woody and have relatively long horizontal lateral roots. There are mostly bald, chubby, beach succulent plants. The aboveground plant parts are hairy hairless or sometimes sparsely fluffy. The upright, ascending, spreading or prostrate stems are branched at their base.

The alternate and spirally on the stem arranged leaves are usually stalked and have often fleshy and easy to double fiederspaltige leaf blade. The leaf margins are smooth, wavy, notched, toothed or serrated. Stipules absent.

Generative features

Many flowers are borne in schirmtraubigen only later to fruit maturity elongating by stretching of the inflorescence axis racemose inflorescences. The stalked, hermaphrodite flowers are cruciform. The four sepals are upright. The four white to violet petals are nailed. There are six stamens present. The thick, two-tier members pod is 12 to 27 mm long and contains two or three seeds. The upper pods member is compressed.

The basic chromosome number is x = 9

Occurrence

The sea mustard species occur mainly in the temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Distribution areas are the northern Africa, Europe, the Arabian Peninsula and western Asia, and North and Central America and the Caribbean. Most species grow in America to salty areas such as coastlines, dunes and salt pans within the country.

The only European and occurring also in Central Europe is the nature of European sea rocket, which can be found in several subspecies in almost all European seashores. With the entrained in the Azores, originally North American Cakile edentula arrives in Europe currently a second type.

System

The genus Cakile was established in 1754 by Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary ... Abridged ..., fourth edition, vol 1. As lectotype in 1913 Cakile maritima Scop. determined. The botanical genus name Cakile is derived from the Arabic name qaqulleh. The genus belongs to the tribe Cakile Brassiceae in the family Brassicaceae.

There are about six Cakile types:

• Cakile arabica Velen. & Bornm. ; Home: Arabia
• Cakile constricta Rodman; Home: Southern USA
• Cakile edentula ( Bigelow ) Hook.; Home: Canada, USA, introduced in the Azores
• Cakile geniculata ( B.L.Rob. ) Millsp. ; Home: North America
• Cakile lanceolata ( Willd.) O.E.Schulz; Home: Florida, Mexico, Central America, Colombia and the Caribbean
• European sea rocket ( Cakile maritima Scop. ); Home: Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and West Asia, is naturalized in North America.

Swell

• J. Gathe: Cakile Online in the Western Australian Flora, 2008 ( section description).
• James E. Rodman: Cakile in the Flora of North America, Volume 7, 2010, p 424: Cakile - Online. ( Section systematics and description)