Calophyllaceae

Calophyllum caledonicum

The Calophyllaceae are a family in the order of Malpighienartigen ( Malpighiales ) within the angiosperms. It is a pantropical family with 14 genera and about 476 species. Some species provide timber and a few species, the fruit is eaten.

  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

They usually grow as trees or rarely shrubs. Some species contain colored latex. Essential oils contain many species. There are ski coated channels or container available. When cut branches often significant bleeding can be observed.

The leaves are alternate and spirally arranged or double row to opposite on the branches ( phyllotaxis ). The simple, mostly flat leaves often have translucent dots or channels. The leaf margin is smooth. Stipules absent.

Generative features

The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are four - or fünfzählig. The only kind of family does not have radial symmetry Marila asymmetralis flowers. The four or five sepals are free. The most four or five ( zero to eight) free petals act deformed in some species. There are usually many best free stamens present, which are not summarized in recognizable bundles. The anthers often have large, simple or complex glands. Usually two or five carpels are fused into a superior ovaries. In each ovary compartment are one to a few ovules. The most long style ends in a wet, spread until punctate scar without papillae.

Are formed stone fruit, berries or fruit capsules, containing from one to many seeds. The fruit capsules open along the Septalradius; all standing together in a clade with taxa capsule fruits all have opposite leaves. The terms of the size very variable seeds consist almost entirely of the two often large cotyledons ( cotyledons ).

System

The family name Calophyllaceae was published in 1858 by Jacob Georg Agardh in Theoria systematis plantarum, p 121. The reactivated family of Calophyllaceae includes all taxa that have been recently classified in the subfamily Kielmeyeroideae within the family Clusiaceae. The Clusiaceae S. L. were polyphyletic with, again outsourced, Hypericaceae.

  • The Calophyllaceae family is divided into two tribes and contains about 14 genera with about 476 species: Tribus Calophylleae: With twelve genera: Calophyllum L.: With 180 to 200 evergreen tree species.
  • Caraipa Aubl. With about 28 species in tropical South America.
  • Clusiella Planch. & Triana: With about nine species in the Neotropics.
  • Haploclathra Benth. With about three species that occur in Amazonia.
  • Kayea Wall. With only two, according to some authors 50 to 70 species.
  • Kielmeyera Mart. & Zucc. With about 16 to nearly 60 species in South America.
  • Mahurea Aubl. With only two evergreen tree species in the Neotropics.
  • Mammea L. (syn.: Ochrocarpos Noronha ex Thouars, Paramammea J.-F. Leroy ) (sometimes to the tribe Garcinieae Clusiaceae ): With about 50 to 70 pantropisch common species, some tropical species with edible fruits such as Mammiapfel.
  • Marila Sw. With about 20 species in the Neotropics.
  • Mesua L. (syn.: Vidalia Fern. - Vill. ): With about seven species in Indomalesien.
  • Neotatea Maguire: With about four species in the Neotropics.
  • Poeciloneuron Bedd. With more than two species in India.
  • Endodesmia Benth. With the only kind: Endodesmia calophylloides Benth.
  • Lebrunia bushaie Staner.

Within the order of Malpighiales the Calophyllaceae are most closely related to the sister families Hypericaceae and Podostemaceae and these three families, together with the sister families Bonnetiaceae and Clusiaceae a hedged clade.

Detail of the cladogram of Malpighiales after Wurdack & Davis 2009:

Other Malpighiales

Bonnetiaceae

Clusiaceae

Calophyllaceae

Hypericaceae

Podostemaceae

Swell

  • The Calophyllaceae family in APWebsite. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Kenneth J. Wurdack & Charles C. Davis: Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life, in American Journal of Botany, 2009, Volume 96, pp. 1551-1570: PDF Online. ( Section systematics)
  • David John Mabberley: The Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press 1987. ISBN 0-521-34060-8

Pictures of Calophyllaceae

159308
de