Calw (district)

The district Calw is a district in Baden- Württemberg. It belongs to the region of the northern Black Forest in the district of Karlsruhe. The district Calw is bordered to the west by the district of Rastatt, in the north- west by the district of Karlsruhe, in the north of the Enz and the district-free city Pforzheim, on the east by the district of Böblingen, on the southeast by the district of Tübingen and the south by the district of Freudenstadt.

• 3.1 Member of Parliament
• 3.2 Kreistag
• 3.3 District
• 3.4 Coat of Arms
• 3.5 partnerships

• 4.1 traffic 4.1.1 Rail transport
• 4.1.2 Road Traffic
• 4.1.3 Public transport

• 5.1 Cities and Towns before the district reform

Geography

Geographically, the area of ​​the district Calw belongs mainly to the northern Black Forest, just to the east and south are some places to Gaeu or Black Forest foothills. Major rivers in the district are Enz and Nagold, which together with its course a triangular plateau, which is located in the center of the circular area and is referred to as Enz - Nagold plate.

The sources of Nagold and Enz are close together, on the southwestern edge of the circular area. The course of the Enz Enzkloesterle between Pforzheim and marks the northwestern edge of the Enz - Nagold plate. To the west extends to the Black Forest crest of the highest part of the county area, which over the upper reaches of Alb ranges in the northwest over the ridge, where the town of Bad Herrenalb is.

The course of the Nagoldtalsperre forms the southern and eastern edge of the Enz - Nagold plate because it runs from the Black Forest ridge first to the east, then turns in the city Nagold on the southeastern edge of the circle to the north, flows through Calw and finally ends in Pforzheim, just north of the circular area, east into the Enz the areas and also some south of Nagold belong to the hedges and Schlehengäu.

History

The district Calw goes back to the Counts of Calw, who had their headquarters in Sindelfingen and around 1050 the castle Calw founded, which became the nucleus of today's county seat. After their extinction in the 13th century, the region of today's circle in possessions of the Guelfs, the Counts of Württemberg and of the Counts of Tübingen has been fragmented. It was only due to the Imperial Diet Losing it was reunited in Württemberg hand.

19th and 20th centuries

The Württemberg formed at the beginning of the 19th century, the upper offices Altensteig, Calw, love cell, Nagold, Neuenbürg, Wildbad and Wildenberg, the Office Zavelstein and the monastery offices Herrenalb and Hirsau. But a year after the survey of the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1807 some offices were abolished. Hirsau, love cell and Zavelstein were combined with Calw, Wildbad with Neuenbürg and wild mountain with Nagold. 1808 also Herrenalb was combined with Neuenbürg. 1810 included the remaining offices Calw, Nagold and Neuenbürg the bailiwick of the Black Forest, from 1818 to the Black Forest Circle. The boundaries of the three top positions changed the course of history several times. 1924 Black Forest Circle was disbanded and in 1934 the three top offices were renamed counties. In 1938 the circles Neuenbürg and Nagold were merged to six municipalities with the county Calw. After World War II the district of Calw came to the new state of Württemberg -Hohenzollern and after the reorganization countries in 1952 in the southwest to Baden -Württemberg. After that he belonged to the governmental district of South Württemberg -Hohenzollern.

In the district reform on 1 January 1973, the territory of the district Calw was changed again: 14 places went to the Enz newly formed over two places came to the district of Böblingen and a place to Landkreis Rastatt, however, he could two places of the district Freudenstadt and four places of the dissolved district Horb to gain. After completion of the municipal reform of the district Calw still includes 25 municipalities, including ten cities and of these, in turn, two large district towns ( Calw and Nagold ). Largest city is Calw, smallest municipality is Enzkloesterle.

Population Development

The population figures are census results (¹) or official updates by the State Statistical Office of Baden- Württemberg ( only primary residences ).

Policy

The district is administered by the county council and the district administration.

Member of Parliament

Since 1987, Hans -Joachim thumb (CDU ) member of parliament for the existing in the districts of Calw and Freudenstadt parliamentary constituency Calw. Since 2001 represents Thomas Blenke (CDU), the state election Calw district in the state parliament of Baden- Württemberg. For the district of North Baden sitting since 2004 Daniel Caspary ( CDU) in the European Parliament.

Council

The district council is elected by the voters in the district for five years. The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following distribution of seats (53 seats):

District

The District Administrator is elected by the council for a term of eight years. He is the legal representative and the representative of the district as well as Chairman of the County Council and its committees, but has no vote in the committees. He directs the district office and is an official of the circle.

His area of ​​responsibility includes the preparation of the district council meetings and its committees. He shall convene meetings, directs this and implements the decisions taken there. His deputy is the first state officials.

The upper office men 1808-1936 is presented in the article Oberamt Calw.

The district councils of the district Calw from 1936:

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of the district Calw shows in gold on blue Three mountain from which a silver spring bubbles, one standing, winning blue and blue -tongued red lion. The coat of arms was again awarded on July 11, 1961, after the district reform on 12 October 1973.

The lion on the three mountain was the heraldic animal of the Counts of Calw, who dominated the present district area for a long time. The coat of arms is similar to the city of Calw, but in a circle coat of arms still containing the source, which should be reflected in the county's many spas.

Partnerships

The district Calw since 1991, maintains a partnership with the district Freiberg in Saxony.

Economy and infrastructure

For the district of Calw, the Chamber of Crafts in Karlsruhe is responsible.

Traffic

Rail transport

The Württemberg State Railways opened in 1872, a distance between Weil der Stadt and Calw: The Württemberg Black Forest Railway, which came from Stuttgart via Weil der Stadt to Calw leader; two years later the Nagold Valley Railway ran through the whole Nagoldtal of Pforzheim Calw Nagold up and crossed in a tunnel height to Horb. From the station Nagold opened up in 1891, the Altensteigerle, a narrow gauge railway, the valley to the Old gate.

The Enztalbahn, the very first railway in the county, was built in 1868 in Enztal from Pforzheim to Bad Wildbad ago. This has extended the metro area Bad Wildbad 2003 to the Kurpark Albtal transport company.

The spa town of Bad Herrenalb received in 1898 by the West German railway company connects to Karlsruhe by the Albtal. This Albtalbahn was meterspurig until 1960, but already electrified in 1911. It is the core of today quite large network of Karlsruhe tram-train that runs through several counties from Karlsruhe.

Two branch lines were abandoned:

However, reactivation of the Black Forest Railway section Weil der Stadt Calw as Hermann -Hesse -Bahn is currently being planned. Formally, the operation has been set, the track but never shut down.

Road

The district area is touched by any federal motorway. The A 8 Stuttgart -Karlsruhe and the A81 Stuttgart- Singen ( Hohentwiel ) lead but only a few kilometers to the north and east past the circle. The county is therefore accessible only by federal, state and county roads. Federal roads which cross the district area or start there are:

• Federal Highway 28, from Ulm to Kehl; It runs from Herrenberg to Nagold and on to the Old riser, where they again leave the circle
• Federal Highway 294, which crosses the Enztal of Bretten Coming to Freiburg
• Federal highway 295 which comes from Stuttgart and ends in Calw
• Federal highway 296 which leads from Herrenberg about Calw to Calmbach
• Federal highway 463, the coming opens up the full circle area along the river Nagold towards the south of Pforzheim

Public transport

In all modes of transport to public transport fares of public transport company baths Calw VGC apply.

County facilities

The district Calw is received the following vocational schools:

Commercial School Calw, Hermann- Gundert School ( Commercial and Domestic school) Calw, circle Berufsschulzentrum Nagold ( Rolf Benz School, Commercial School and Anne Marie Lindner- school) and vocational school for part-time farmers ( ALLB ) Wildenberg and one each nursing school in the district hospitals Calw and Nagold, also the following special schools: Karl- Georg- Haldenwang school for the mentally handicapped with school kindergarten for mentally and physically handicapped bathroom Teinach -Zavelstein ( with a branch office in Nagold) School for Patients in prolonged hospital treatment Calw. In the district of Calw maintains a campus dormitory.

The district Calw is also carrier of the two district hospitals in Calw and Nagold, who teamed up with the clinic Sindelfingen - Böblingen, hospital Lord, Leonberg, Sindelfingen and the rehab clinic Böblingen to form a composite, together they form the hospital network in the afternoon.

Cities and Towns

(Population at 31 December 2012)

Cities

Agreed administrative Communities and local government associations

Communities

Cities and Towns before the district reform

Before the district reform on 1 January 1973 and the municipal reform were part of the ( old ) district of Calw since 1938 a total of 104 municipalities, including 12 cities.

On March 7, 1968, the parliament of Baden -Württemberg has paved the way for a church reform. The Act to Strengthen the administrative force smaller municipalities, it was possible that smaller communities could voluntarily unite to form larger communities. The first in the old district of Calw made ​​on 1 January 1971, several municipalities, which united with its neighboring communities, including some with the town of Bad Zell love. In the following years the number of municipalities decreased steadily. Also, the district area modified in three cases. On September 1, 1971, the municipality Dachtel united with the community Aidlingen and thus came to the district of Böblingen. On March 30, 1972, the municipality Niebelsbach was combined with other municipalities to the new municipality pressing and thus came to the district of Pforzheim. On April 1, 1972, belonging to Bernbach proportion of the village Moosbronn was reclassified to Gaggenau and thus came to the district of Rastatt.

The remaining municipalities in the old district Calw went on 1 January 1973 the new district of Calw, which was smaller in area than the old one. The old district of Calw included last an area of 882 km ² and had at the 1970 census, a total of 144 168 inhabitants.

Population development of the old Calw District until 1970. All population figures are census results.

Largest parish of the old district Calw was the county town of Calw, smallest municipality was Beuren.

The communities of the old district Calw before the municipal reform: