Camarilla

Under clique or camarilla (Spanish camarilla " cubby ", "Private Cabinet of the King "; diminutive of cámara "Chamber " ) refers to a Günstlingspartei which applies without the authority and responsibility influence on the decisions of a ruler, that is not part of the official organs of government. This party came into Spain after the restoration of King Ferdinand VII during the period 1814-1830 shows. Later the term was transferred to other courts.

Known Kamarillen

Camarilla to Friedrich Wilhelm IV

The camarilla to the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV was a circle, trying to push through a conservative policy with regard to the revolutionary events of 1848. Him be attributed to Adjutant General Gustav von Rauch, the Minister of State Ludwig von Massow, the Marshal Count Keller, Leopold von Gerlach, Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach, the aide Edwin von Manteuffel, and later the Cabinet Marcus Niebuhr. As a counselor of the Circle acted conservative dogmatists Heinrich Leo and Friedrich Julius Stahl, in the fall and winter of 1848, Otto von Bismarck and Hans- Hugo were added by Kleist Retzow. Furthermore, you were close to the old Field Marshal Count Dohna and Konsistorialpräsident Count Voss Book.

The Liebenberger circle around Wilhelm II

The camarilla to the German Kaiser Wilhelm II was referred to as Liebenberger circle. They may include one of Philip Eulenburg, who was among the close friends of the Emperor. The journalist Maximilian Harden attacked the circle because he was responsible for the allegedly hesitant to act Wilhelm II in the First Moroccan crisis in his opinion. Harden grabbed the circle not directly, but launched an attack against the Prince Philipp zu Eulenburg with the accusation of homosexuality. The Harden - Eulenburg affair is one of the biggest scandals of the Wilhelmine era.

Bruning's "Prussian clique " during the Weimar Republic

Heinrich Brüning, conservative centrist politician and first chancellor of a presidential of the Weimar Republic, reported in his published after his death in 1970 memoirs about a group that after the failed Kapp Putsch in March 1920, attempt a "thorough cleaning of the entire government of counterrevolutionary personalities, especially those in senior positions, and their replacement by reliable forces " took. He calls this group " of younger people, passionate anti-Christian, but closely connected with dogmatic left-wing journalists of the Centre Party ," the "Prussian clique ," with whom he had constantly to keep silent struggles during his tenure in the Prussian Ministry of Welfare ( 1919-1924 ). In his assessment, the camarilla had left in the Prussian state a deleterious effect on the internal politics and later presented the picture of the history of the first German Republic distorted dar. " The members of the Camarilla have later as emigrants abroad a caricature of the history of the Weimar Republic created. "

Camarilla to Paul von Hindenburg

In representations and considerations of the history of the Weimar Republic, the term clique is sometimes applied to the environment of the second German Reich President Paul von Hindenburg. The men of the "Hindenburg camarilla " an authoritative (joint) responsibility for the political work of Hindenburg in the years 1930 to 1933 attributed mostly there. As a rule, in the finally, Hitler explicitly or implicitly, of accusations against the " cabal " charged to have Hindenburg prompted by alleged and / or actual " whispers " to actions and decisions that should have helped to bring about the situation, was commissioned in January 1933 with the takeover of government power. Indirectly, the " clique " so often attributed, direct or indirect responsibility for the consequences of such existence come " seizure of power".

People who are often attributed to the circle of " Hindenburg camarilla " are:

• Otto Meissner, the head of state in the summer of 1925, headed its office as Secretary of State in the Presidential Palace since Hindenburg's election and up to Hindenburg's death in 1934 continuously in the immediate vicinity was staying with him.
• Hindenburg's son Oskar von Hindenburg, who until 1934 was his father in 1925 as defense aide to the side and everywhere accompanied him why he was called in the population mocking " in the Constitution not foreseen son of the president ."
• Kurt von Schleicher, Head of the Political Department of the Ministry of Defense (1928-1932) and Minister of Defense (1932-1933), the Hindenburg for his work as a staff officer in him, Hindenburg, led GHQ, the German leadership in the First World War as a "smart head " estimated and went in and out of the house Hindenburg since 1925.
• The Centre Party politician Franz von Papen, who came into closer around the president as chancellor in late May 1932, his appointment.
• Elard of Oldenburg- Januschau, Agrarian Party and member of parliament of the DNVP, who lived in the neighboring estate of Hindenburg's East Prussian headquarters Neudeck.

Meissner's son Hans -Otto Meissner criticized the use of the term " clique " for the Hindenburg environment later as follows:

"Often the ignorant speaker uses the expression camarilla for the circle of close associates of the President. [ ... ] According to secret societies to the smell after a active in the background shadow government, as it were a conspiracy against the Constitution. [ ... ] Thereby providing them with a deeply pejorative term [ from the word camarilla ] In our time, a group of people who should be rejected. Indeed, it was for centuries the absolutely correct term for the circle of friends, for the staff of employees to a leading personality. Each prince, every President, every field marshal had in this sense, a clique, there was no other and it will always remain so. Only one speaks today of his staff or a trusted environment. "