Candidate gene

As a candidate gene (Latin candidus = shiny, white; Greek genea = descent) are called genes that may have associations with the occurrence of genetically -influenced diseases.

Methods for candidate gene discovery

There are methods for screening a large number of genes are used. These range over SNP analysis, linkage analysis to genotyping. These methods can be used both in family studies, as well as in case-control studies. Family studies are conducted with family trios (mother, father, child ), the child is suffering from the disease of interest and the parents are healthy. In case-control studies, samples of patients suffering from the disease of interest, when compared to those without the disease, that is healthy. Using statistical tests for example, SNPs can be determined, which occur more frequently in diseased persons.

Application of candidate genes

If a candidate gene identified a need to clarify the course of the disease with the help of expression studies and other biochemical processes, the exact nature of the involvement of the gene or the gene product (protein, regulatory RNA ). Candidate genes can be used in addition to the causes of diseases and course also for the genetic pre- diagnosis by genetic abnormalities in these genes, for example, SNPs are used as markers for the risk of disease. In addition, it should be possible, to recognize early diffuse disease patterns ( complex diseases ), such as Alzheimer's disease and distinguish it from other diseases. Genetic analysis of a patient, it should further be possible to distinguish genetic variations of the disease and thereby to adjust the medication faster and better ( lower dose ).