Canna (plant)

Indian Canna (or Canna hybrids ).

Canna ( Canna ) is the only genus of the plant family of Canna plants ( Cannaceae ), which belongs to the order of the ginger -like ( Zingiberales ) within the monocot plants ( monocots ). The (10 to ) 20 species have a purely Neotropical distribution. Some species are wild in the tropics worldwide. There have emerged many varieties, which are used as ornamental plants for parks and gardens.

  • 3.1 origin
  • 3.2 Dining
  • 3.3 ornamental plant
  • 3.4 varieties
  • 3.5 Other Terms
  • 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Habit and foliage leaves

Canna species are perennial herbaceous plants with rhizomes as Überdauerungsorganen. You can reach depending on the type, plant height of 0.50 m and 5 m. They form an upright, unbranched stems or the overlapping leaf sheaths form a " pseudo- root ". The alternate and spirally arranged or distichous, very large, simple leaves are divided into leaf sheaths, short petioles and leaf blades. The parallel leaf veins arise from the midrib ( not typical for monocots ).

Inflorescences and flowers

The showy, terminal, racemose or aged men total inflorescences ( inflorescences ) contain many flowers or are often composed of one to zweiblütigen, monochasialen, zymösen partial inflorescences, with mostly inconspicuous, small, green bracts ( bracts ).

The hermaphrodite, usually large flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. The bloom are designed differently. The three free sepals are usually green. The three petals are colored green or beautiful. The base of the petals is fused with the staminodes to a stamen column. There are two circles, each with original three stamens present, but each flower there is only one fertiles stamen with a kronblattähnlichen stamen, the others are to kronblattähnlichen staminodes remodeled, one of the inner staminodes is bent back to form the labellum, is missing in some species a Staminodium. The petals and staminodes are usually yellow to red.

The three carpels are fused into one under constant ( syncarp ) ovary, which has a soft - spiky surface and contains many central angle constant ovules. The stylus is flattened kronblattähnlich. The pollen is deposited on the abaxial ( abaxial ) surface of the pen. The pollination mechanism is very specialized and the pollination is done by insects ( entomophily ). The insects take the pollen from the pen of flattened.

Fruit and seeds

The dreikammerigen fruit capsules have a soft - spiky surface and contain 5 to 25 (rarely up to 75) seeds. The spherical seeds with hard endosperm are medium to dark brown and have a diameter of about 4-10 mm. There are reports that the seeds remain viable for about 600 years. The embryo is straight.

Chromosome number and the ingredients

The chromosome number is n = 9 to ingredients may be mentioned: proanthocyanidins, cyanidin, flavonoids ( kaempferol and quercetin ).

System

The genus Canna was often classified in the family of Marantaceae and with this also most closely related within the order of ginger -like ( Zingiberales ). Today, it forms its own family Cannaceae.

The first publication of the genus Canna was already in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 1 as lectotype was Canna indica L. by NL Britton in Fl. Bermuda, 1918, p 86 set. Synonyms for Canna L. are Achirida Horan. , Cannacorus Medik. ex Mill, Distemon Bouché, Eurystylus Bouché, Katubala Adans. , Xiphostylis Raf. The Latin word means canna tube.

More recent treatments of the genus Canna reduce the number of types of originally about 100 to less than 50 and Paulus Johannes Maria Maas 1985; PJM Maas & H. Maas in 1988 reduced the number to 10 species; meanwhile the number of species is again risen to 20, particularly after the revision of Nobuyuki Tanaka and new taxa. ( Here is a list of valid types as of 2007 :)

  • Canna amabilis T.Koyama & Nob.Tanaka: The home is the Argentine province of Chaco.
  • Canna ascending Ciciar. , The home is the Argentine province of Buenos Aires.
  • Canna bangii Kraenzl. The home is Peru and Bolivia.
  • Canna coccinea Blanc. The home is the northern Argentina.
  • Canna compacta Roscoe: The home is southern Brazil and northern Argentina.
  • Canna discolor Lindl.
  • Canna flaccida Salisb. Has a wide distribution of the southeastern United States through Central America to the Caribbean islands.
  • Canna glauca L. (syn.: Canna stenantha Nob.Tanaka ): She has a wide distribution throughout the Neotropics, their northernmost occurrence is located in North Carolina.
  • Indian Canna, Ahira or Edible Canna ( Canna indica L., syn: Canna compacta Rosc, Canna edulis Ker Gawl, Canna limbata Roscoe, Canna lutea Mill, Canna variegatifolia Ciciar. .. ): The original distribution ranges from Mexico to Central America. It is planted as an ornamental and food crop worldwide and is wild in many frost-free areas of the world. Note that in many Canna edulis Ker Gawl literature. led type is only a synonym of Canna indica L., see N. Tanaka 2001; with four varieties.
  • Irisblütiges Canna (or Canna iridiflora Ruiz & Pav ): The species has a wide distribution from Costa Rica to Peru.
  • Canna jacobiniflora T.Koyama & Nob.Tanaka: The home is the Argentine province of Corrientes.
  • Canna jaegeriana Urban: The range extends from the Caribbean to northern South America.
  • Canna liliiflora Warsc. ex Planch. The home is Bolivia.
  • Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav ( syn: Canna brasiliensis hort ex Bouché. ): She has a wide distribution throughout the Neotropics.
  • Canna patens Rosc. The home is southern Brazil.
  • Canna pedunculata Sims: The home is southern Brazil.
  • Canna plurituberosa T.Koyama & Nob.Tanaka: The home is the Argentine province of Jujuy.
  • Canna speciosa Rosc. The home is Brazil's northeastern Argentina.
  • Canna tuerckheimii Kraenzl. Has a wide distribution from Mexico to Bolivia.

In culture emerged hybrids ( Canna × generalis LHBailey & EZ Bailey; syn: Canna × orchiodes LHBailey ) of several species.

Use

Origin

The most important as an ornamental and food plant species is called Indian Canna ( Canna indica). The name comes away with the error of the discoverer of matching "West Indies " (West Indies ). The genus Canna contains (10 to ) 20 species that have their natural distribution only in subtropical and tropical regions of the New World ( Neotropics ). They thrive in altitudes from sea level to mountain slopes below 3000 meters.

Food

Above all, the Indian pipe flower, also Achira or Edible Canna is grown for the production of food in the Andes (Peru and Ecuador) and Asia ( Vietnam and Southern China). Canna rhizomes are edible and rich in starch. The rhizomes can be very rich in fibers and need to be cooked for hours, so they are soft enough for a meal. Their taste resembles that of sweet potatoes. In Asia, the starch for the production of glass noodles used. Is prepared an alcoholic beverage.

Ornamental plant

The genus was introduced in 1570 in Europe as an ornamental plant. For about 200 years, is intensively crossed and so came up today about 1,000 registered varieties.

Canna hybrids can be cultivated as pot plants or planted. The Canna - Longwood hybrids are maintained as marsh plants in ponds.

The rhizomes are cool ( frost free) and dark winters. After the last frost they are planted into the open. Pre Exaggerated plants that are warm and bright from January and are cast bloom early and long. When planting the rhizomes after the last frosts, the plants are blooming late in summer. The site should be very bright. They can tolerate full sun, but should then be watered regularly.

Varieties

There are some dwarf varieties of Canna indica, reaching only plant height of about 50 cm and are suitable for pot culture in rooms. Here is a selection of such dwarf varieties:

  • ' Alberich ' ( salmon pink )
  • ' Lucifer ' ( red flowers with delicate yellow border )
  • ' Perkeo ' ( cherry )
  • ' Puck ' (yellow)

Here is a selection hochwüchsiger varieties:

  • 'Black Knight ': with wine-red leaves and dark red flowers
  • 'Miss Oklahoma ': with green leaves and large pink flowers
  • 'President ': with green leaves and red flowers
  • ' Richard Wallace ': with green leaves and yellow flowers
  • ' Tropic Anna ': with striped leaves and orange flowers
  • ' Wyoming ': with dark, reddish leaves and bright orange flowers

Other Terms

The black seeds are used as beads for the production of chains, particularly for rosaries, and rattles. Medical applications in human and veterinary field were investigated.

Swell

  • The Cannaceae in APWebsite family. (English)
  • The Cannaceae at DELTA of L.Watson and MJDallwitz family.
  • Paulus Johannes Maria Maas & H. Maas: Cannaceae, in G. Harling et al.: Flora of Ecuador, Gothenburg. Volume 32, 1988, pp. 1-9.
  • Paulus Johannes Maria Maas: Cannaceae in ARA Görts -van Rijn, Flora of the Guianas. Series A:. Phanerogams, Königstein, 1985, p 69-73.
  • Nobuyuki Tanaka: Taxonomic revision of the family Cannaceae in the New World and Asia. in Makinoa; Series 2, 1, 2001, pp. 34-43.
  • Delin Wu & W. John Kress: Cannaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 24, p 378: Online. (English)
  • W. John Kress & Linda M. Prince: Cannaceae in the Flora of North America, Volume 22: Online. (English)
  • Shahina A. Ghazanfar: Cannaceae in the Flora of Pakistan: Online. (English)
  • Ian Cooke: The Gardener 's Guide to Growing Cannas, English Timber Press (OR) (October 2001), ISBN 0-88192-513-6
Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu Perennial plant Ovary (botany) Chaco Province Jujuy Province Agricultural Research Service
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