Cardinal vowels

Main vowels are vowels that were described by the phonetician Daniel Jones. They are used as a reference for characterizing the vowels of any language. As idealized vocal sounds at the edges of the trapezoid, the main contact vowels in pure form in the real language or only approximately to.

There are additional named vowels, which are not included among the main vowels, for example, the middle central vowel [ ə ] within the vowel trapezoid.

List of main vowels

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