Carduus

Carduus cephalanthus

The ring thistles ( Carduus ) are a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The 90 to 120 species are native to Eurasia and Africa.

The frequently occurring in Central Europe Nodding Thistle ( Carduus nutans ) has coarse prickly leaves which reduce run as thorny hem on the stem, and is known as " weeds " roadsides, dumps and embankments to be found.

The thistle generally applicable in the symbolic language of flowers as a symbol of valor.

  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Ring thistle species are usually one to two years, rarely perennial herbaceous plants, the plant height of 30 to 200 (rarely to 400) cm reach. They are defended and more or less hairy woolly, rarely glabrous. The upright stems are simple or branched and often spiny- winged.

The undergraduate and distributed alternate arranged on the stem leaves are petiolate or sessile. The bald or hairy leaf blades are undivided to pinnatifid or once or twice lobed and serrated spiny at the edge.

Generative features

The bloom conditions, either singly or two or twenty together on prickly winged, leafy or bare Blütenstandsschäften. The many to spread cylindrical to spherical ascending in seven to ten rows or bent back arranged bracts are linear to broadly ovate with smooth boundary have spiky peaks. The inflorescence base ( receptaculum ) is flat. There are flattened, bristly chaff leaves present. Each inflorescence contains several to many florets.

The tubular flowers are hermaphroditic. The five white through pink to purple petals are fused into a more or less strongly zygomorphic long, narrow corolla tube, the bell-shaped abruptly opens and ends in lineal corolla lobes. The stylus is far grown up and so the free stylus branches are very short.

The egg-shaped, about flattened achenes are smooth. In contrast to the otherwise similar thistles the Pappushaare are not feathered, that is not in turn covered with small hairs.

The basic chromosome numbers be x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 13

Systematics and distribution

The genus Carduus was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, pp. 820-826 with Carduus nutans L. the type species. Synonyms for Carduus L. are: Wettsteinia Petr, Clavena DC, Clomium Adans, Ascalea Hill Onopyxus Bubani nom. .. . illeg ..

The genus Carduus are about 90 to 120 species in Eurasia and Africa. Some species are invasive plants in North America.

Here is a list of occurring in Europe and in the Mediterranean almost 60 species:

  • Carduus Acanthocephalus C.A.Mey.
  • Way - ring thistle or way - thistle ( Carduus acanthoides L.)
  • Carduus acicularis Bertol.
  • Carduus adpressus C.A.Mey.
  • Carduus affinis cast.
  • Carduus Amanus Rech f
  • Carduus argentatus L.
  • Carduus argyroa Biv.
  • Carduus asturicus Franco
  • Carduus aurosicus Chaix
  • Carduus baeocephalus Webb
  • Carduus bourgaei Kazmi
  • Carduus candicans Waldst. & Kit.
  • Stieglitz ring thistle ( Carduus carduelis (L.) Gren. )
  • Carduus carlinoides Gouan
  • Carduus carpetanus Boiss. & Reut.
  • Carduus cephalanthus Viv.
  • Carduus L. chevallieri Chevall.
  • Apennine thistle ( Carduus chrysacanthus Ten. )
  • Carduus clavulatus link
  • Carduus collinus Waldst. & Kit.
  • Carduus corymbosus Ten.
  • Krause Krause ring thistle or thistle ( Carduus crispus L.)
  • Alps - ring thistle or Alpine Thistle also mountain thistle ( Carduus defloratus L.), with numerous subspecies
  • Carduus euboicus Franco
  • Carduus fasciculiflorus Viv.
  • Carduus fissure Nyár.
  • Carduus getulus Pomel
  • Hook ring thistle ( Carduus hamulosus Ehrh. )
  • Carduus kerneri Simonk.
  • Carduus lanuginosus Willd.
  • Carduus leptocladus Durieu
  • Carduus litigiosus Nocca & Balb.
  • Carduus lusitanicus Rouy
  • Carduus Maly Greuter
  • Carduus martinezii Pau
  • Carduus meonanthus Hoffmann. & Link
  • Carduus myriacanthus DC.
  • Carduus nawaschinii Bordz.
  • Carduus nervosus K.Koch
  • Carduus nigrescens Vill., With several subspecies
  • Carduus novorossicus Portenier
  • Nodding thistle ring or Nodding Thistle ( Carduus nutans L.)
  • Carduus olympicus Boiss.
  • Carduus onopordioides M.Bieb.
  • Barnacle ring thistle or burdock thistle also mountain thistle ( Carduus personata (L.) Jacq. )
  • Carduus poliochrus Trautv.
  • Carduus pycnocephalus L., with several subspecies
  • Carduus ramosissimus Pančić
  • Carduus rechingerianus Kazmi
  • Carduus rivasgodayanus Devesa & Talavera
  • Carduus seminudus Willd.
  • Carduus spachianus Durieu
  • Thin -headed thistle ( Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis)
  • Carduus thracicus ( Velen. ) Hayek
  • Carduus tmoleus Boiss.
  • Carduus uncinatus M.Bieb.
  • Carduus bourgeanus Boiss. & Reut.
  • Carduus ibicensis ( Devesa & Talavera ) Rosselló & N.Torres

Swell

  • David J. Keil. Carduus, page 91 - Online in Cynareae in the Flora of North America, Volume 19, 2006 (Section Description and systematics)
Carduoideae Pappus (flower structure)
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