Carl Heinrich Edmund von Berg

Carl Heinrich Edmund Freiherr von Berg ( also Karl Heinrich Edmund von Berg or short Edmund von Berg, born November 30, 1800 Göttingen, † June 20, 1874 in Schandau, Saxony ) was a German forest scientists and forest managers. He was the first author who extensively represented the welfare effects of the forest and admitted this overrides the pure timber production. He was also known for his fight against coniferous monocultures in Hanover mountain and hill country. Highly regarded at home and abroad, he was an important Forstmann of the 19th century.

Life

The son of a lawyer and politician Günther Heinrich von Berg from the Oldenburg family mountain, visited from 1810 high school Adolfinum Biickeburg and started at the age of 15 years to study at the Academy of Forestry in Dreißigacker ( 1815-1817 ) by Johann Matthäus Bechstein. Until 1818, he continued his dance training at the University of Göttingen, where he studied natural sciences and law. After he had completed his practical training in the Hanoverian resin Forestry in Lautenthal 1818 in Biickeburg and 1819, he returned once more back to Göttingen in 1820 and laid the forest Staatsprüfung.

In the same year he became a mountain and Forestry Office Auditor at the mountain and forest office Clausthal in Hanoverian government services. 1821 of mountain at the newly founded there Forestry School substitute teacher and taught the subjects of forestry technology, entomology, natural history and hunting hunting customer. The strong military minded school for the product obtained from the voluntary associations of hunters liberation wars Military Police Corps was affiliated with the Clausthal Mining School. Freiherr von Berg kept his teaching at until 1833, but even after that headed forest excursions. In 1824 he received the appointment as Forestry clerk at the Forestry and Mining Office with a seat and vote in 1830 that the chief forester in Clausthal and the first speakers in mining and forestry office. Added in 1833 as a real forester and chief of the forestry inspection to Lauterbrunnen mountain he led founded by Johann Martin Wilhelm von Uslar Master School on the practical training of young foresters.

In 1845 he was appointed as the Royal Saxon Oberforstrat and Director of the College of Forestry and farmers to Tharandt in Saxony, where he became the successor of the late Academy founder Heinrich Cotta. He read the subjects of the State Forest Administration, Forest Management, Forest Utilization and Forest History. From 1846 he also headed the editorial staff of the Forestry Scientific Yearbook of the Academy Tharandt, which he edited until 1864. More publications by him appeared among others in the general forestry and hunting newspaper and later in the monthly magazine for the forestry and hunting. 1849 Baron von Berg was member of the National Cultural Council.

Berg has been widely used to commissions of large scale, such as by the Russian government in Finland (1858 ) and in Poland ( 1865), and traveled repeatedly Sweden, Norway, the Alpine countries, Hungary and Germany, which he also a number written by forestry - geographical travelogues.

Retired since 1866, died Carl Heinrich Edmund Freiherr von Berg on June 20, 1874 in Schandau. The Saxon Forest Association eV dedicated to him at the suggestion of traffic and beautification association Tharandter Forest spa town eV Hartha on 13 October 2012, a memorial plaque at the kiln space in Tharandt.

Services

Carl Heinrich Edmund Freiherr von Berg was the first of the influence of forests went down in detail on the welfare and prosperity of the people. In his Handbook State Forestry Administration ( 1850) came in to the purely economic view of the forest, such as sustainable timber production, only secondary to its effects on welfare. The State Government had to go to mountain therefore pursue this goal in the first place:

It is therefore not surprising that he was a staunch opponent of the developed by Max Preßler ground net income doctrine. He also fought especially the excessive coniferous cultivation. Already 1834/1835 ( in book form in 1844 ) he had turned in Scripture about the displacement of deciduous forests in northern Germanye through the spruce and pine against the sprawling spruce growing in the Hanoverian mountain and hill country. This is particularly become almost at the edges of the resin for fashion, wrote of the mountain. The reason is easy to understand:

From the mountain, however, pointed to the high pest susceptibility of spruce against storms and bark beetles that could cause " a spruce forest is never a Capital, for its full use in a certain period of time you can expect security (...) and that Wherefore the (revenue ) calculations, which take no account of it, are very deceptive. " From mountain so had already been recognized in his time in Lauterberg a problem that until the end of the 20th century and should also many headaches forestry. From mountain therefore advised to use the spruce where other species can not be grown successfully, but always as a last resort. He also recommended to manage mixed stocks in Femelbetrieb so that they are not soon to pure spruce forests. This mixed inventory problem has since been the subject of continuous efforts of the Harz forest management.

Freiherr von Berg was also a connoisseur of the art of the charring of wood, over which he had written a practical guide already in 1830. Also in Tharandt he suggested for the practical education of forestry students to create a charcoal kiln, what happened in 1846. Without this, he promoted the forest research institute and one of the founders of the forest Unionism. Such was the co-founder of Mountain in the Harz Mountain Forest Association, and in 1847 the Saxon forest association.

His forestry and hunting historical publications are still important sources for science. He was also an important forest teachers, one teaching with a strong practical focus also represented in higher forestry educational institutions. With this setting, he worked hard on his friend Heinrich Christian Burckhardt, on the forest service education he played a big part.

Writings

Independent publications

• Instructions for charring of the wood. A handbook for foresters, lodge officials, technologists and cameralists, Darmstadt 1830 ( 2nd edition 1860)
• About the accession of Oldenburg to the Hannöverisch - inch Brunswick Association, Oldenburg 1835
• Lauter am Harz and its surroundings. First, for visitors to the hydropathic establishment, Clausthal 1841 (2nd edition 1844)
• About the displacement of deciduous forests in northern Germanye through the spruce and pine. In forestry and national economic point of view illuminated, Darmstadt 1844
• The hunting issue in 1848 and the German hunting regulations from 1848, Dresden, among others 1849
• Presentation of the Forestry Rath of the mountain forest reform concerning, Saxony Forestry Reform ( Volume 5 ), Dresden 1849
• State Forestry Administration. A Handbook for State and forest keepers, Leipzig 1850
• The forest science teaching, Leipzig 1850
• The forest management being in the Kingdom of Saxony shown historically, Leipzig 1854
• From the east of the Austrian monarchy. A life picture of the country and people, Dresden 1860
• Observations on the influence of the smaller German states to the development and progress of forestry, Dresden 1867
• Pürschgang in the thicket of hunting and forest history, Dresden 1869 (Reprint of Leipzig 1974)
• History of the German forests to the end of the Middle Ages. A contribution to the history of civilization, Dresden 1871 ( Reprint Amsterdam 1966)
• Forestry Statistics from Alsace- Lorraine. According to official surveys compiled, Strasbourg 1880

Edits

• Heinrich Cotta: Instructions for Silviculture ( 8th edition, Leipzig 1856)
• Friedrich Ernst Jester: Small game hunting ( 4th edition, Leipzig 1859)
• Communications on the forest conditions in Alsace- Lorraine. On behalf of the Ministry, division of Finance and domains, Strasbourg 1883