Carl Josef Bayer
Carl Josef Bayer ( born March 4, 1847 in Bielsko-Biala, Austrian Silesia, † October 22, 1904 in Rietz village, now Rečica ob Paki, community Šmartno ob Paki, Lower Styria ) was an Austrian chemist. His most famous development is named after him Bayer process for the production of aluminum.
Life
Born 1847 in Bielsko, he initially worked in his father's building firm, and studied four semesters of architecture. His greatest wish in accordance with, he moved in 1864 to the natural sciences and studied four semesters at the famous analytical chemist Remigius Fresenius in Wiesbaden, in order to then be worked as a chemist in the iron work of the brothers Dorlodot in Acoz community today Gerpinnes, Belgium.
On December 7, 1869, he matriculated at the age of 22 at the University of Heidelberg in chemistry, where he transferred the office of Assistant Professor Robert Wilhelm Bunsen was already after two semesters.
On 18 July 1871, he taught that the application for admission to the doctoral examination at the high praiseworthy Philosophical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg. The doctoral examination he put on 31 July 1871 in the presence of 17 professors and 9 tested professors. Among the examiners were famous names such as Bunsen, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, Blum, Hermann Kopp, Neubauer, Brown, Hermann von Helmholtz and Hermann Köchly to find. On August 1, 1871 his doctorate certificate was presented with a grade of insigni cum laude.
Bayer married on September 21, 1892 Alma Witte, a niece of Russian Prime Minister Sergei Witte in the St. Catherine's Church of St. Petersburg. In the years 1893 to 1901 six children were born. The first son Erich was born in Elabuga, the second son Walter in Washington, D. C., USA, the third son Guido in Celje, Lower Styria, Slovenia today, the fourth, Herbert, the fifth, Fritz, and the sixth child Elsa came in Rietz village on the pack ( today Rečica ob Paki in Celje) to the world, where Bayer acquired land in 1896 to build a factory, a laboratory and a villa for the family of eight. Famous scientists from all over the world visited Bayer in Rietz village, so also Paul Heroult from France and Charles Martin Hall from the USA ( Hall - Heroult process for the production of aluminum by electrolysis). The Bayer Villa can still be visited today.
Bayer spoke seven languages: German, French, English, Russian, Italian, Slovak and Polish. As a man of arts, he loved music and the arts.
It was his greatest wish to build in his home a clay and then an aluminum factory to exploit occurring in Styria, Carniola and Dalmatia Bauxite. He believed in the triumph of the aluminum on the world. License agreements, coupled with royalty payments were completed worldwide.
On October 22, 1904 Carl Bayer died 57 years old and left behind his wife with six children unprovided for. The Alma widow, an exceptional and strong woman allowed all children to attend secondary education, mostly in Graz, and all the children of a higher education. Two sons followed in the footsteps of his father and became a chemist.
The royalty payments met after his death increasingly sluggish and were never part entirely. Expensive international litigation could not afford the Alma Bayer widow. Many contracts have been apart of a down payment can never be fully paid.
Bayer process
Is not generally known that the word bauxite comes from the southern French village of Les Baux de Provence, where Dr. Bayer also has a factory built in Gardanne, the processed bauxite gained in Les Baux.
His first patent he filed on July 17, 1887 Tentelewa in Saint Petersburg / Russia at the Imperial Patent Office. It was published under the number 43977 on August 3, 1888. His second patent he filed from Jelabuga (Russia) on 31 January 1892. It was released on November 3, 1892.
At the same time he filed his patents in several countries, such as France, USA, England and built in England, the USA, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Germany factories according to his method, the Bayer process, as well as in Tentelewa and Elabuga in Russia. He was asked, and operates worldwide. Dr. Carl Josef Bayer scientifically worked on many projects, such as through the use of salicylic acid and its effect on the contribution to the chemistry of indium, the process for making artificial cryolite and more.
Honors
He received the Gold Medal of the Académie Parisienne for its scientific and technical services.
1956 founded the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber of the Bayer Medal, which was awarded for outstanding scientific or technical achievements in the field of light metals, especially aluminum.
In 1987, a commemorative stamp was issued with a circulation of over three million units at the Eighth International Conference in light metal Leoben / Vienna.
1962 Dr. Bayer street was named in the town of Braunau am Inn, in an urban area, which was inhabited mainly by employees of the aluminum plant Ranshofen. The Rhine Falls were lit in honor of Dr. Carl Josef Bayer once with Bengal light.
Many newspapers, such as the Austrian chemist newspaper, the Wiener Zeitung and the newspaper brought the Industrial obituaries and tributes. Dr. Bayer has the Marterweg of the Austrian inventor with all its suffering stations and barriers, biased and superficial by the jealousy of ignorant and malicious competitors, through disorientation and mistrust of the authorities through a bad beratete population and through: Obituary: " ordeal of an Austrian inventor informed banks and financial institutions to physical exhaustion due lives ".