Carlemanniaceae

The Carlemanniaceae are a plant family in the order of Lippenblütlerartigen ( Lamiales ). The only two genera with about five species are native to tropical Asia.

• 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The Carlemannia species grow as perennial herbaceous plants and the Silvianthus species grow as shrubs or half- shrubs. The oppositely arranged leaves are continually divided into petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is in some ways clearly asymmetric. The leaf edges are serrated to cut. Stipules absent.

Generative features

The flowers are borne in terminal or lateral, zymöse or schirmtraubigen inflorescences. The hermaphrodite flowers are weak ( to strong) zygomorph and four or fünfzählig double perianth. The four or five sepals are fused with each other and with the ovary; The four or five cup teeth are more or less different. The four or five petals are fused with each other and the four or five Kronlappen sometimes overlap like roof tiles. The only two fertile stamens are inserted into the middle of the corolla tube and consist of short stamens and linear- oblong anthers. The pollen grains have five to six apertures and colporat ( colporoidate with short furrows ). The well-developed Diskus is conical or cylindrical. Two carpels are under a continuous, two-chambered ovary fused with a stylus. It is sometimes in front of heterostyly. Each ovary chamber contains many (30 to 100) ovules in central angle constant to basal placentation.

Surrounded durable cup, two-chamber, dry or fleshy fruit capsules open with two or five doors and contain from 30 to 100 seeds. The smooth, egg-shaped seeds contain a more or less fleshy endosperm.

The basic chromosome numbers be n = 15, 19

Systematics and distribution

The Carlemanniaceae family was erected in 1965 by Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw in Kew Bulletin, Volume 19, pp. 511. Type genus is Carlemannia Bentham.

These two species were formerly classified in the family Rubiaceae and Caprifoliaceae. After molecular genetic studies, it was found that they are close to the family of Oleaceae and belong to the order Lamiales.

To the family of Carlemanniaceae include only two genera and five species:

• Carlemannia Bentham: The flowers are cruciform. The only three species are widespread in the eastern Himalayas, China, northeastern India, Indonesia (Sumatra ), Myanmar and Vietnam: Carlemannia congesta Hook. f: It comes in the Himalayas, Sikkim is a place of origin: Khangchendzonga National Park ( Biosphere Reserve ).
• Carlemannia griffithii Benth. It is native to the eastern Himalayas from Nepal to Bhutan and northern Burma.
• Carlemannia tetragona Hook. f ( Ex.: Carlemannia henryi H.Lév, Carlemannia sumatrana Ridl. . ): It comes in northeastern India, in Sumatra, Myanmar, northern Thailand and the Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Xizang ago.

• Silvianthus bracteatus Hook. f: It occurs in forests in Yunnan, northeastern India and Myanmar.
• Silvianthus tonkinensis ( Gagnep. ) Ridsdale ( Syn: Quiducia tonkinensis Gagnep, Silvianthus bracteatus subsp clerodendroides ( Airy Shaw) HWLi, p bracteatus subsp tonkinensis ( Gagnep. ) HWLi, p clerodendroides Airy Shaw.. . ): It does in Yunnan, Laos, northern Thailand and northern Vietnam before.

Swell

• The Carlemanniaceae family in APWebsite. (Sections systematics and description)
• The Carlemanniaceae family at DELTA. ( Description section )
• Tao Chen & Anthony R. Brach: Carlemanniaceae, p 478 text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis in 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9. (Sections Description, distribution and systematics)