Caron

The ( also ) caron ( Czech háček, tick, diminutive to hák hooks; Slovak mäkčeň; Sorbian hóčka; Lower kokulka; Slovenian strešica, ugs klinček; Croatian kvačica; Finnish hattu; Polish daszek; Serbian квака ), also called Caron, is a diacritical mark to designate a special emphasis on pronunciation or a letter. It is an upwardly open angle (inverted roof) above the letter, the optical counterpart of the circumflex. Unlike the similar-looking Breve it is pointed, not round.

The Hatchek goes back to the work of Czech orthography from the year 1406, which is attributed to Jan Hus.

Use

• The character comes Hatchek provide, inter alia in Latin written for Western or South Slavic languages ​​(eg, Czech, Slovak, Sorbian or Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian ) to a sound shift towards a palate sound ( palatalization ) in orthography display. The Polish knows for a similar looking characters, namely the ż, but otherwise used to identify the palatalization only letters compounds (CZ, SZ, RZ).
• In non- Slavic languages ​​such as Latvian, Lithuanian ( Baltic languages ​​) and Sami will use this character - it was taken from the West Slavic languages. But even in the Finnish and Estonian enters the sign on in some foreign and loan words.
• In addition, a caron is not used in scientific transliteration to the Latin alphabet -based titles, eg, Cyrillic, Hebrew.
• For the official transcribes the standard Chinese ( Pinyin), the character is used to illustrate the third tone (falling - rising) (see notes of the standard Chinese ).
• In modern publications shall be the sign on the capital letter L and the lowercase d, l and t are often in a form similar to a point shown on the top right next to the base characters.

Display on the computer

Fonts

In the ASCII character set Hatchek does not occur. In the character sets of ISO 8859 family selected character occur with caron.

Unicode contains additional finished composed character with caron and can represent any character with caron by adjusting a combining Hatschek:

It should be noted that these codes are also used when displayed on the Hatschek d, l, L, and T in a comma shape. Under no circumstances the similar-looking apostrophe should be used.

Input

On Linux and BSD can in newer versions of X.org sign with caron with the sequence composition key, C, Letter to be entered, so ė through composition key, C, E. The c comes from the English name Caron.

Alt Gr Shift ä is occupied, which, when it is set as a dead key, allows the creation of letters with caron.

The Neo keyboard layout allows direct access to a dead key, which can be reached with ⇧ dead key 1. ì is thus generated by ⇧ dead key 1, e.

Another option in Windows programs is einzugegeben the decimal of the sign on the number block in consistently pressing the Alt key. After releasing the Alt key the desired character appears. Example: Č by Alt 268.

TeX and LaTeX can represent any character with caron. There are two different commands to

• In text mode created for the text set \ v { a} a ǎ ( with \ usepackage [T1 ] { fontenc } or \ usepackage [ Czech ] { babel} and l, d and t are accentuated properly. )
• In math mode generated for the set of formulas \ check a formula

Figurative meaning

During the period 1850-1910 were, among others, many Czechs to Vienna - often as simple workers, many of them as so-called 'Brick ' - what the Austrian language, especially the Viennese influence. Also occurring in Vienna family name were influenced by what was discussed by comedians Georg Kreisler around 1960 in his phone book polka.

So they say today colloquially in Vienna " Do your Hatchek underneath " when asking someone with his monogram or his signature to sign a text, although most Slavic names are written without Hatchek. It is synonymous with the statement " Do your three crosses underneath " used.

Swell

( based on it for letters with diacritics, inter alia, see list of Latin -based alphabets )

• Diacritic