Carriage return

The carriage return (English carriage return; German outdated and WR) on output devices for the instruction text, locate the beginning of the line.

Typewriters

Originally technical reasons there are to this day in the data processing, two different interpretations of the carriage return. With typewriters, the carriage return is usually connected to the line feed. In mechanical typewriters pressing the lever causes lines at its end to the right a carriage return and a line feed. If you only want a carriage return, for example, to underline text (ie, the input of underscores in the same line ), so you have to hold the line shift lever in the movement so that it does not tilt to one side. When electric typewriters, there are often two different keyboard shortcuts.

Teleprinter

In the development of the first mechanical teletype there was the problem that for the carriage return due to the large masses to accelerate the car more time is required than is available through the fixed data transfer time of each character available. To make a virtue of necessity, there carriage return and line feed were placed on two different keys. With the success that during the still running carriage return line feed can be safely performed. For example, if at the end of a paragraph, a blank line is needed, the experienced Telegraph then typed carriage return, line feed, and line feed.

Computer

In the digital word processing / transfer this function accepts the return of the text cursor at the beginning of the line, it is a control character Carriage Return transfer (short- CR). If necessary, the insertion point is also set down a line (line feed, English line feed, short LF), and thus produces a line break when the typographic paragraph mark ¶ Pilcrow, or the hard line break ↵ to be represented in modern data processing to the computer.

Character encoding and input

Virtually all of the fonts provide such a control code.

  • In the ASCII character set, the most common and most used character set world, such as the character is hexadecimal 0D or decimal 13 provided therefor.
  • In EBCDIC code also hexadecimal 0D or decimal 13
  • In Unicode, there are the carriage return ( also codepoint 0D [hex. ] And 13 [dec. ] ), Since ASCII complete compatibility reasons by the Unicode consortium - including all control characters - was acquired (block Basic Latin ).

The abbreviation is CR, or \ r as the escape sequence.

Can enter the line feed as follows:

  • Press the ↵ Enter key ( hence the name Return) corresponds to - depending on the system - the CR, LF, CR LF of the string, or the character NL (New Line / Next line, new line).
  • On Microsoft Windows or DOS and similar systems by holding down the ( left ) Alt key and subsequent typing the decimal code of a control character ( with leading zero! ) On the numeric keypad on the keyboard: Alt 013 (see also: Unicode # input methods ). Accepts the character is generally only on the command line and in programming editors, programs of the higher application level convert the characters to most.
  • Some systems allow you to enter the CR character with the key combination Ctrl M.
  • As an escape sequence in C code \ r (LF is \ n).

The direct original command " start of line " is achieved by the cursor control on the key Pos1.

Cursor (computers)
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