Caryocaraceae

Souarinussbaum, also known as butternut, ( Caryocar nuciferum ), illustration.

• Caryocar
• Anthodiscus

The Caryocaraceae ( Syn: .. Rhizobolaceae DC, Simabaceae Horan ) are a family in the order of Malpighienartigen ( Malpighiales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ).

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

All species are evergreen, woody plants, usually trees, rarely shrubs. They have all hard wood. It is a superfiziales cork cambium present. The Secondary growth in thickness is based on a conventional Kambiumring. The leaves are spirally rarely, sometimes alternate ( Anthodiscus ), mostly opposite ( Caryocar ) located at the branch. The leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leathery leaf blades are usually three parts, sometimes five parts. The fiedernervigen leaflets rarely have a nearly smooth, usually have a serrated or toothed margins. There are (usually) Stipules present.

Generative features

The flowers are usually too many together in racemose inflorescences. There are no bracts present. In the large, radial symmetry flowers are hermaphroditic and usually five, rarely sechszählig with double perianth. The five or six sepals are fused at their base. The five or six petals are highest fused at their base. The flowers contain 50 to 200 extra long stamens, the centrifugal evolve and are not fused with the petals. Some species are reduced to the innermost stamens staminodes. The pollen grains usually have three (two to six) apertures and are colporat or rugat. Four to twenty carpels are a syncarp, upper continuous, four-to zwanzigkammerigen ovary overgrown, with only an orthotropic to anatropen, bitegmischen ovules per ovary Kammen. There are four to twenty free pen available. The species of the genus Caryocar be of Fledertieren ( Chiroptera ) pollinated ( Chiropterophilie ).

There are usually formed fleshy stone fruit or leathery carpels. The mesocarp is sometimes toxic or sometimes edible. The seeds are kidney-shaped. The embryo is well developed. The spirally twisted hypocotyl is oil and albuminous.

The chromosome number is n = 23

Dissemination

The types have their areas only in the Neotropics. Most species grow in the Amazon region.

System

The family name was first published in 1845 by Friedrich Siegmund Voigt in Hortus Suburbanus Calcuttensis, 88. The publication of Caryocaraceae by Ignaz von Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl: Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (6 ), p 153 is only 1893. Caryocar type genus is L..

In the family of Caryocaraceae there are only two classes of up to 30 types

• Anthodiscus G.Mey. With 8 to 15 species in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana's two, northern and western Amazon basin: Anthodiscus amazonicus Gleason & A.C.Sm.
• Anthodiscus chocoensis Prance
• Anthodiscus fragrans Sleumer
• Anthodiscus klugii Standlschmaus. ex Prance
• Anthodiscus mazarunensis Gilly
• Anthodiscus montanus Gleason
• Anthodiscus obovatus Benth. ex Wittm.
• Anthodiscus peruanus Baill.
• Anthodiscus pilosus Ducke
• Anthodiscus trifoliatus G.Mey.

Terms and Ingredients

From about eight species of the genus Caryocar the fruits or seeds are used for food ( just cooked ) or for oil extraction. The hard wood of Caryocar species is estimated, for example, for boat building.

The fruits of species of both genera are used as fish poison in the catch.

As important ingredients they contain triterpene saponins.

Swell

• The Caryocaraceae in APWebsite family. ( Description section )
• The Caryocaraceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. ( Description section )