Castellar de la Frontera
Castellar de la Frontera is a municipality in southern Spain ( municipality ) in the Province of Cadiz Andalusia Autonomous Region about 121 kilometers from the provincial capital Cádiz.
Geography
The municipality of Castellar de la Frontera is a small town on the eastern side of the nature reserve Parque Natural Los Alcornocales. It is located in the comarca of Campo de Gibraltar. It is bounded on the northwest by the municipality of Alcalá de la Frontera, on the northeast by Jimena de la Frontera, on the southeast by San Roque and on the southwest by Los Barrios.
The community has three population centers: Castellar Nuevo (New Castellar ) is the main town. Castillo de Castellar, called Castellar Viejo (Old Castellar ) or simply El Castillo (the castle ), is located nine kilometers north- west of it on the edge of the reservoir Embalse de Guadarranque. Born out of a former monastery Almoraima closes southeast to the main village.
Castellar Nuevo represents a special feature since it was built only in the years 1968 to 1971 as part of the development plan for the Campo Gibraltar for the settlers of the original settlement core Castellar Viejo and the inhabitants of the heavily grown by an industrial operation Almoraima.
The municipal area is located west of the Castellar Viejo created in the 1960s dam the river Guadarranque.
On 1 January 2013 lived 3123 people in the community Castellar de la Frontera.
History
The area of the Campo de Gibraltar has been inhabited since the Stone Age. In the near Castellar Viejo there are traces of stone processing and cave paintings that suggest a common to permanent human presence. Iberian tribes like the Turdetani later settled here as well. Archaeological finds suggest that the Iberians excellent strategic location with hilltop with sweeping panoramic views to the Rock of Gibraltar for the construction of a watchtower, ie used for military purposes.
In addition, to find traces of Celtic in the Campo de Gibraltar. From the 8th century BC. landed on the Phoenicians, then probably Greeks, later Carthaginians and Romans. From the 2nd century BC. belonged to the territory of Castellar Roman province of Hispania ulterior and after its division by Emperor Augustus to the province of Baetica.
With Castellar Viejo runs in the municipality a Calzada romana, a paved Roman road that linked the formerly important port Carteia in the Bay of Algeciras with the Roman provincial capital of Corduba. Most likely for the protection and monitoring of the road was built on the hilltop of Castellar a settlement have been found from the residues. In addition, there are traces of Roman management in the form of stone blocks, were beaten in the sinks with drain, presumably to press the grapes in grapes. This suggests an agricultural use of the area.
After the decline of the Roman Empire, located on the Strait of Gibraltar area from vandals tribes was then conquered by the Visigoths and the Eastern Roman Empire. From the early 8th century it belonged to the Arab- Moorish territory al -Andalus. In the 13th century was due to the threat from the northern Spanish kingdoms, especially Castile, built on the hilltop, the castle still to be seen Castellar as one of several border fortresses of the Nasrid Granada. The name part de la Frontera (on the border ) refers to the boundary layer in the Emirate of Granada and is found in a number of neighboring places like the northern Jimena de la Frontera.
Castellar was taken in 1434 as part of the Reconquista, so the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula by Christian descendants of the population of the Western Goth, by Juan de Saavedra and its descendant Juan Arias de Saavedra was in 1539 by Charles V, the first King of Spain, the peerage awarded with the domination of the Condado de Castellar (county Castellar ).
In 1603 the monastery of San Miguel de La Almoraima was established for the Catholic Order of men Mercedarians by the Count of Castellar. It was the germ of today's settlement Almoraima. 1945, the cork factory Empresa Corchera Almoraima was built, in which many residents Castellars worked or cork started off arrived here from the vast cork oak forests of the area. The number of workers grew in the following years, excessively, so that Almoraima at times numbered more than 1500 inhabitants. The majority of its population moved, as well as most of the inhabitants of Castellar Viejo, after the construction of the new city in 1971 after Castellar Nuevo order. In the foreground was likely to improve the living situation hygienic living conditions and a technical and social infrastructure.
Policy
Since 2011, Juan Casanova Correa Izquierda Unida of the mayor in Castellar de la Frontera.
Culture and sights
This is Castillo de Castellar is a historic landmark in Castellar Viejo. It is located about five miles above the main town. It dates from the 13th century and was classified in 1963 as a national cultural heritage Bien of Interest Cultural. Also located within the castle walls settlement, Medina, comes from the Moorish period. The castle is similar to the Alhambra, one of the few in Spain that have such Medina within the castle walls. The grounds and partly inhabited Medina can be visited free of charge. In the castle there is a hotel, restaurant, shop for crafts and falconry. Some of the old buildings of the Medina have been converted into apartments.
To a large extent the municipality of Castellar de la Frontera is located in the eastern part of the Natural Park Alcornocales. The nature park takes its name from the cork oak growing here, the most distinctive feature is the peeled and thus appearing red-brown stems.
The old Roman road below Castellar Viejo Association Carteia formerly, the most important port in Roman times the Bay of Algeciras, with the provincial capital Córdoba. The Calzada romana runs steeply up the slope to the Castillo up and can be done over a length of approximately two kilometers. Other remains from the Roman period are approximately two kilometers north of Castellar Viejo next to the Dehesa Boyal La Finca, the In 1981, the municipality in a lawsuit by the Count of Castellar after centuries of strife. In the method was, inter alia, the later Spanish Prime Minister Felipe González involved on the part of the community.
In the district of La Almoraima there is a zoo.
Economy and Transport
Economic basis of the commune is mainly the use of cork oak stands, but also livestock and increasingly tourism.
The main town of Nuevo Castellar is located 12 kilometers north of the junction Taraguilla the coastal highway Autovia A-7, which runs along the Mediterranean coast from Algeciras to Barcelona. He is both 23 kilometers from the centers of Algeciras and La Línea de la Concepción and 40 km from Estepona. Gibraltar is situated 25 kilometers south of Nuevo Castellar and can be reached by a freeway also good.
Castellar de la Frontera has a station on the railway line Algeciras - Ronda - Granada. The line 70 of the Spanish state railway MD RENFE train is passing by with diesel railcars. The bus stop is located in the district of La Almoraima and is named after him Almoraima.