Castilleja
Castilleja sp.
Castilleja ( in English " Indian paintbrush ") is a plant genus, which has been traditionally attributed to the family of Rachenblütler ( Scrophulariaceae ), according to recent classifications are based on Gene sequences but to the broomrape family ( Orobanchaceae ). Representatives of the genus are known that they can color the plains red with their inflorescences.
Description
The species of the genus is one or perennial herbaceous plants, very rarely, to shrubs. All are semi- parasites, which parasitize the roots of grass.
The opposite leaves are constant on the shape and the size was very different among the species. Also on the hair can not say anything universal.
Characteristic of the genus, however, are the inflorescences. The flowers are terminal in grapes or ears, depending individually on a carrier sheet, which is often wider than the upper leaves, often lobed and colored. The bracts are the scenes organs that determine the appearance of the inflorescence at Castillja species. Their color, at least on the visible front edge, is usually bright red to orange-red, but also yellow or cream-colored shades come before.
Most similarly colored calyx tube is two or vierlappig, where in the latter case, the upper and the lower incision are usually significantly lower than the two lateral incisions. The corolla tube extends beyond the calyx usually very little. It is often colored rather yellowish. The lower lip is short and three-lobed. The top is long and narrow beak -shaped. Front them is boat-shaped bent down and closes the four stamens in itself.
Pollination of flowers carried by insects and in some species by birds.
Distribution and habitat requirements
Almost all species come from North America. About ten species are found in North Asia up to western Russia.
Most species prefer open sites such as meadows or steppes, forest edges or along roads, and clear embossed continental climates. Many species also tolerate salty locations.
Others
Because of its visibility and frequency of the plants play a certain role in the legends of some Indians.
The type Castilleja linariifolia is one of the symbols of the U.S. state of Wyoming. See also → List of state flowers of the states in the United States.
An American Award for Children's Books bears the name of Indian Paintbrush Book Award ().
Species
The genus contains about 200, sometimes very variable and difficult to be demarcated from each other ways, for example
- Castilleja hispida, a common and variable species of the West of North America with stiff hairy inflorescences.
- Castilleja miniata ( "Common Red Paintbrush " ), the most common in large parts of western North America species, which can occur in mass stocks.
- Castilleja pallida, a species with yellowish- white inflorescences, which appears in all throughout temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere except in Central and Western Europe.
List of species in
- Castilleja affinis Hook. & Arn.
- Castilleja ambigua Hook. & Arn.
- Castilleja angustifolia ( Nutt. ) G.Don
- Castilleja annua Pennell
- Castilleja applegatei remote.
- Castilleja aquariensis N.Holmgren
- Castilleja arachnoidea Greenm.
- Castilleja arvensis bad. & Cham.
- Castilleja attenuata (Gray) Chuang & Heckard
- Castilleja austromontana Standlschmaus. Blumer &
- Castilleja brevistyla ( Hoover ) Chuang & Heckard
- Castilleja campestris ( Benth. ) Chuang & Heckard
- Castilleja caudata ( Pennell ) Rebr.
- Castilleja cervina Greenm.
- Castilleja chlorotica Piper
- Castilleja christii N.Holmgren
- Castilleja chrymactis Pennell
- Castilleja chrysantha Greenm.
- Castilleja cinerea Gray
- Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng.
- Castilleja covilleana basis.
- Castilleja crista -galli Rydb.
- Castilleja Cryptantha Pennell & G.N.Jones
- Castilleja cusickii Greenm.
- Castilleja densiflora ( Benth. ) Chuang & Heckard
- Castilleja dissitiflora N.Holmgren
- Castilleja elegans Malte
- Castilleja elmeri remote.
- Castilleja exserta ( Heller) Chuang & Heckard
- Castilleja flava S.Watson
- Castilleja foliolosa Hook. & Arn.
- Castilleja fraterna Greenm.
- Castilleja fulva Pennell
- Castilleja genevievana Nesom
- Castilleja glandulifera Pennell
- Castilleja grisea Dark
- Castilleja haydenii (Gray) Cockerell
- Castilleja hispida Benth.
- Castilleja hololeuca Greene
- Castilleja hyetophila Pennell
- Castilleja hyperborea Pennell
- Castilleja indivisa Engelm.
- Castilleja integra Gray
- Castilleja integrifolia Humb. , Bonpl. & Kunth
- Castilleja irasuensis Oerst.
- Castilleja kaibabensis N.Holmgren
- Castilleja kuschei Eastw.
- Castilleja lacera ( Benth. ) Chuang & Heckard
- Castilleja lanata Gray
- Castilleja lasiorhyncha (Gray) Chuang & Heckard
- Castilleja latifolia Hook. & Arn.
- Castilleja lemmonii Gray
- Castilleja levisecta Greenm.
- Castilleja linariifolia Benth.
- Castilleja lineariiloba ( Benth. ) Chuang & Heckard
- Castilleja lineata Greene
- Castilleja lutescens ( Greenm. ) Rydb.
- Castilleja martinii Abrams
- Castilleja mendocinensis ( Eastw. ) Pennell
- Castilleja mexicana ( Hemsl. ) Gray
- Castilleja miniata Dougl.
- Castilleja minor ( Gray ) Gray
- Castilleja mollis Pennell
- Castilleja montigena Heckard
- Castilleja muelleri Pennell
- Castilleja nana Eastw.
- Castilleja nervata Eastw.
- Castilleja nivea Pennell & Ownbey
- Castilleja occidentalis Torr.
- Castilleja oresbia Greenm.
- Castilleja organorum Standlschmaus.
- Castilleja ornata Eastw.
- Castilleja pallescens (Gray) Greenm.
- Castilleja pallida ( L.) Spreng.
- Castilleja parviflora Bong.
- Castilleja parvula Rydb.
- Castilleja Patriotica remote.
- Castilleja peckiana Pennell
- Castilleja pilosa ( S.Watson ) Rydb.
- Castilleja plagiotoma Gray
- Castilleja porterae Cockerell
- Castilleja pruinosa Fernald
- Castilleja puberula Rydb.
- Castilleja pulchella Rydb.
- Castilleja purpurea ( Nutt. ) G.Don
- Castilleja raupii Pennell
- Castilleja revealii N.Holmgren
- Castilleja rhexiifolia Rydb.
- Castilleja rigida Eastw.
- Castilleja rubicundula ( Jeps. ) Chuang & Heckard
- Castilleja rubida Piper
- Castilleja rupicola Piper ex remote.
- Castilleja salsuginosa N.Holmgren
- Castilleja scabrida Eastw.
- Castilleja schizotricha Greenm.
- Castilleja septentrionalis Lindl.
- Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh
- Castilleja setosa Pennell
- Castilleja stenantha Gray
- Castilleja subinclusa Greene
- Castilleja suksdorfii Gray
- Castilleja sulphurea Rydb.
- Castilleja talamancensis N.H.Holmgren
- Castilleja tenuiflora Benth.
- Castilleja tenuis ( Heller) Chuang & Heckard
- Castilleja thompsonii Pennell
- Castilleja unalaschcensis ( Cham. & Schlecht. ) Malte
- Castilleja viscidula Gray
- Castilleja wallowensis Pennell
- Castilleja wightii Elmer
- Castilleja wootonii Standlschmaus.
- Castilleja xanthotricha Pennell
- Castilleja yukonis Pennell