Cathedral chapter

The cathedral chapter (from Middle High German chapter " meeting, solemn assembly " ), in the Roman Catholic Church and cathedral chapter, is the lead entity of an Episcopal church in administrative and liturgical questions.

In the modern canon law, they are the priests, whose duties include the administrative and liturgical leadership of the cathedral. The selected in a chapter called clergy chapter members or canons.

Is the Episcopal Church at the same time Metropolitan seat is the term Metropolitan Chapter. At a collegiate church is called the equivalent pin chapter.

Etymology

From the Latin caput, " head leader" and its diminutive Latin capitulum " small head, little head ", and later " meeting, shareholders meeting, spiritual Convention " was derived in Middle High German, the term chapter for a " meeting of clergy, monks, solemn assembly " from.

Tasks

The Chapter supports the bishop as a separate legal person in the line of the diocese. In certain matters, it has a right of consent or advice. The Committee consists of the provost, dean or Domdekan ( the so-called dignitaries or Dignitären ), which in each chapter even more (eg the Domkustos, Domscholaster, choirmaster, Domkellner ) resident and nichtresidierende members from other regions of the diocese are. The enlarged cathedral chapter can Ehrendomherren ( Ehrendomkapitulare ) belong, who are appointed by the bishop. One of its main tasks is after the resignation or death of a bishop - that is, with the onset of Sedisvakanz - to select the interim diocesan administrator and to submit to the pope a list of candidates for the office of bishop. The actual main task of the chapter it is but to maintain the choral prayer and liturgy at the cathedral.

History

The cathedral chapter originated as early as the 9th century, and later where bishoprics were founded. They were in the range of Domimmunität or precincts, so were not under the respective secular dominion over its head office. In addition to the regular service in the cathedral choir was one of the tasks of a cathedral chapter, the advice and assistance of the bishop in the diocese ( spiritual dominion ) and high pin ( secular government area). In the course of the 12th century, the cathedral chapter a brief break to exclusive electoral colleges with the right of episcopal election. This right was most cathedral chapters until the end of the 13th century in favor of papal commission and nomination of sovereign rights lost again. The members of the Chapter formed in the early Middle Ages, a community of life, which was that of a Benedictine monastic community not dissimilar. In the High Middle Ages, the communities were mostly organized considerably looser. The members of the cathedral chapter had in most Middle Ages and early modern times mainly posthumous sons of noble and knightly families.

The Council of Trent ended the attempt of the canons to curtail the right of visitation of each bishop opposite the cathedral chapter and ordered that at least half of the canons should be priests and also the half should have a degree in theology or canon law. It also demanded the appointment of a Domtheologen and a Bußkanonikers and circumcised the position of the cathedral chapter during the period of vacancy in which it imposed on them to order within eight days a chapter vicar, who had then independently manage the diocese by the chapter.

During the 19th and 20th century the right of election of bishops in a variety of countries through concordats between the Holy See and the government has been redefined. In general, the respective cathedral chapter shall submit to the pope a list of candidates for the office of bishop, from which this then appoint the bishop.

Reformation

In many areas, the Lutheran cathedral chapter were also the Reformation beyond. In some cases, such as in Halberstadt and Minden, the chapter continued to exist as a corporate body, but was controlled by the sovereign; in other cases, for example in the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck, practiced the chapter that no longer consisted of clergy, secular rule also over its share of the high pin from; so had the Lutheran cathedral chapter of Lübeck until 1804, inter alia, the stormarn between villages Hamberge and Hansfelde. The Lutheran cathedral chapters were dissolved during the secularisation of ecclesiastical goods in the kingdom in 1803 or in Prussia until 1810. Only the cathedral chapter in Brandenburg was restored in 1826 and is only available after an eventful history to this day. The chapters in Meissen and Wurzen also remained to this day as a Lutheran church corporations.

Presence

Roman Catholic cathedral chapter no longer exist in every diocese. Especially newer dioceses do not own cathedral chapter more.

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