Cathedral school

Cathedral schools or cathedral schools originated in Catholic bishoprics in Western Europe since the 8th century. Slowly outperformed the older monastic schools.

History

Middle Ages

The monastic schools declined in importance especially from the 11th century because of the monastery reforms that were directed against the secularization and external contacts. An urban cathedral schools, more boys were able to attend classes, which should not be clerics. But formation of clergy remained their main purpose. Charlemagne issued a rule that the episcopal churches in a school was open to ( Admonitio generalis of 789 ). When teaching certain content he singing, reading, writing, calculating the date of Easter, Latin grammar.

Significant Frankish or German cathedral schools were located, for example in Utrecht, Liège, Cologne, Speyer, Wurzburg, Bamberg, Magdeburg, Hildesheim and Freising. In Salian and Hohenstaufen period, for example, the cathedral school at Speyer, founded by Bishop Balderich ( 970-986 ) after the model of St. Gallen, a training school for diplomats and governors and officials of the empire developed.

Significant cathedral schools in France were Orléans, Reims, Notre Dame de Paris, Laon, Tours and Chartres. From them the intellectual elite of the high medieval kingdoms emerged. As of 1179, the teachers needed a Licentia docendi ( teaching license ) of Scholasticus, the responsible for teaching cleric in the cathedral chapter.

In France, the first free teacher Domschüler taught the subject of philosophy for wages, as Peter Abelard, the "inventor" of scholasticism, which at first only the ordered presentation of opinions was meant to be a theme. From some cathedral schools in Italy first universities emerged from the 12th century in Bologna, Padua and Siena, in France in Paris and Toulouse. They originated as a semi-autonomous cooperatives of teachers and students, the teaching was bound to a passed examination. Teachers needed from 1233 the so-called facultas hic et ubique docendi the Pope ( " teaching license here and everywhere " ) to prevent heresy.

Since the High Middle Ages smaller Latin schools were built next to the cathedral schools of the urban parishes, which increasingly came under the administration of the municipalities ( " municipalization "). In the late Middle Ages beside nor private German writing schools for civil - commercial educational interests were created, which are often passed as an angle schools.

Lessons

Was taught at the cathedral schools, the seven liberal arts, divided into the so-called trivium ( grammar language subjects, dialectic and rhetoric ) and the quadrivium ( mathematics subjects arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music).

Modern Times

Many cathedral schools were received by the Late Middle Ages and Reformation, as in Cologne and Bamberg. Some kept the name, but were Protestant schools (eg Magdeburg or Cathedral School Güstrow ). Still others were Jesuit schools (Hildesheim and Paderborn ).

Other cathedral schools were founded in the 18th and 19th centuries and remained less known and elitist. Thus, the refugee from France Huguenot community in Berlin in the premises of the French Cathedral on Gendarmenmarkt, a cathedral school as each sechsklassige boys and girls school ( elementary or " middle school " ) was established.