Cattell Culture Fair III
Culture Fair Intelligence Test ( CFIT ) ( to German: " Culturally fair intelligence test ") is a term for a form of intelligence tests in which people from different cultures (eg Amazonian residents and Central Europeans ) or social strata within societies (eg academics and artisans) should have equal opportunities (that is, to achieve the same results with the same skills ). This is attempted in that language should play no role per se and cultural techniques such as reading or mathematics in processing the tests.
As a rule, it is simply in Culture Fair tests to language and number free intelligence tests for logical thinking. The Culture Fair Intelligence tests are known
- The " Culture Fair Test I " by Raymond Bernard Cattell
- The so-called " Ravens Progressive Matrices ": ("Standard Progressive Matrices " or "Coloured Progressive Matrices " ) by John C. Raven
In the German -speaking area are currently following adapted and revised versions of the " Culture Fair Intelligence Test " used:
- " CFT- 1 R basic intelligence test scale 1" in a revised version, the age range of 5; , 11 and; 3-9, 5 or 6 years, 6 to 11
- " CFT- 20 R basic intelligence test scale 2 ", as revised ("R" ) as amended, for the age range of 8, 5 and 19 years and in adults from 20 to 60 years.
They can be performed both as an individual and as a group test. The newer editions of the CFT -20 can optionally be supplemented by a vocabulary test and a number sequence test.
The theoretical foundation of this group of tests is the two - factor theory of intelligence by Raymond Bernard Cattell. A factor here is the crystallized intelligence, which summarizes mainly learned problem-solving behavior. The second factor is the fluid intelligence " to perceive and grasp the ability to translate complex relationships in novel situations " as. Cattell designed the " Culture Fair Intelligence Tests", which should measure especially fluid intelligence, and should largely exclude all sorts of cultural and linguistic influences on the result. However, there are also findings that contradict these views. Thus, it is possible to increase the so-called fluid intelligence through exercise. The cultural independence of these tests is questionable.
Theoretical basis
→ Main article: Intelligence Theory
Cattell put in the development of tests based on his intelligence theory, in which the intelligence is determined by two factors. The first, and for the conception of " CFIT " determining factor is the so-called fluid (liquid) intelligence. This refers to the ability to solve new problems, and adapt to new situations, without compromising necessary to resort to special knowledge. The second non -determining factor for the tests is the crystalline (or crystallized ) intelligence. This is the capability to apply acquired knowledge and strategies at problem solving.
The separation of crystallized and fluid intelligence makes the distinction between the basic intellectual skills and the learned and socialization -related skills possible and necessary. Thus it can be determined to deal with completely unknown problems through the concept of fluid intelligence, the ability.
Correlations
Application
Since developing the first CFITs in the late 1950s and early 1960s, various adaptations of the test were designed. In German-speaking these were revised by Rudolf H. White.
The German adaptation, currently the " CFT- 1" and " CFT- 20 R " contain various sub-tests:
CFT -1 (5th edition ) (5, 3-9, 5 years ):
- ST1: substitutions
- ST2: Labyrinths
- ST3: classifications
- ST4: similarities
- ST5: Matrices.
Test times CFT 1
CFT- 20 R (8; 5 to 19 years, adults 20 to 60 years ):
- Series ResumeIndex,
- Classifications,
- Matrices and
- Topological conclusions.
The implementation can be used in single - as well as in group testing. (. - 10./13 class 3 ) In addition to the age norm allows a class -dependent normalization step is created, the comparison with the population of the same grade level. These tasks must be processed in a given period of time. In the CFT -20, the tests are standardized for both a short version and a long version. When CFT 1, the average processing time of the entire test, depending on the age of the subjects, about 45-60 minutes. The maximum processing time of the individual subtests is the collection can be seen above.
The newer versions of the CFT -20 can be supplemented by an optional insertable ( optional) vocabulary test and a number sequence test. Here are the vocabulary test valid references to the crystallized intelligence. The number sequence test can be used to measure the processing capacity, which in turn allows a conclusion on the fluid intelligence, but intelligence conceptualized a different theory than the two - factor model of Cattell.
Culture Fair Intelligence tests are used for general intelligence testing in the preschool and school age, but also to determine the basic intelligence of adults. Moreover, they can also be used particularly for cultural and social strata independent intelligence testing. Due to their design, they are especially suitable for the testing of children, adolescents and adults who have poor knowledge of the German language and being somewhat familiar with Western European culture techniques.
In addition, it can be used for basic research.
Review
The " Culture Fair Intelligence Tests" are spread all over the world. They allow a largely language- free testing. However, it has been shown that this task is class-specific and culture-dependent. In more recent adaptation has been attempted to minimize these correlations. The correspondence between culture, film and test result now seems low criticize sein.Claus Jacobs and Franz Petermann that the test in children can lead to this area to erroneous results with visuospatial impairments due to the specific focus.
Also, it is criticized that the CFTs only allow a valid prediction mathematical school performance. Other intelligence tests, which have a wider range of tasks, including predictions about the entire school performance can meet.