Caulobacteraceae

  • Asticcacaulis
  • Brevundimonas
  • Caulobacter
  • Nitrobacteria
  • Phenylobacterium

The Caulobacteraceae are a family within the Alphaproteobacteria and the only member of the order Caulobacterales. All representatives are aerobic, they require free oxygen for metabolism and are chemoorganotroph. They occur in oligotrophic waters.

Dimorphic life cycle

The cells of the genera Asticcacaulis, Caulobacter, and some types of Brevundimonas have Prostheken ( Prosthecae ) which are long protrusions of the cell composed of the cell wall and outer membrane - enveloped inside the cytoplasm. They are used in these bacteria as stems, with the help of which the bacteria can adhere to a substrate. Here you will find a special feature within the division, which has been studied intensively in Caulobacter. A bestielte cell forms a daughter cell at the pole opposite the stalk. This cell is equipped with a flagellum, allowing it to move freely floating after cell division and separation from the mother cell. Therefore, one also speaks of enthusiast cells. This swarm cell remains a time to move until they turn forms a stem and attaches to a substrate, so is sessile. This dimorphic life cycle also occurs in the genus Planctomyces.

The ecological advantage of this dimorphism is that on the one hand, the bacteria can live sessile and thus constantly brought up nutrients in a flowing medium and metabolic products are removed, but on the other hand, a distribution is made possible by the fanatics.

Brief description of some genera

In the genera Caulobacter, Asticcacaulis and Brevundimonas in the laboratory of the Entner- Doudoroff pathway in the metabolism has been demonstrated as an energy source in the presence of glucose.

  • Caulobacter: More or less rod-shaped, bestielte cells with a size in the range 0.4 to 0.6 x 1-2 microns.
  • Asticcacaulis: The cells are rod-shaped and bestielt. The cell size is within 0.5-0.7 x 1-3 microns.
  • Brevundimonas: Some species are also bestielt. The cells are approximately 0.4 to 0.5 x 1-2 microns in size and rod- shaped.
  • Phenylobacterium: The cells are rod-shaped or coccoid. The cell size is in the range 0.7 to 1.0 x 1.0 to 2.0 microns. Flagella or cilia are not present, the cells are not movable.

System

The Caulobacteraceae family is the only member of the order Caulobacterales. The Caulobacterales are the type of order of the Alphaproteobacteria. With few exceptions, Caulobacterales describe a phylogenetically well-defined line. The type genus, both the order and the Caulobacterales Caulobacteraceae family, Caulobacter and was described as early as 1935 with the type species Caulobacter vibriodes.

New insights into the phylogeny as the basis of Bakterientaxonomie made ​​for huge changes in the domain bacteria. Although the order Caulobacterales is compared to other systems well defined in the Alphaproteobacteria, incorrect assignments have not yet been eliminated. The species of the genera Caulobacter and Asticcacaulis are distributed to the two orders Caulobacterales and Sphingomonadales. In addition, one type each of the genera Streptomyces and Mycoplana not according to a genus of Caulobacterales (expected Brevundimonas ) transferred. Therefore, one can order Caulobacterales despite good data situation is not described as monophyletic, paraphyletic and polyphyletic but only as.

Genera and species of this family:

  • Asticcacaulis Poindexter 1964 A. benevestitus Vasilyeva et al. 2006
  • A. biprosthecium Pate et al. 1973
  • A. excentricus Poindexter 1964
  • Taihuensis A. Liu et al. 2005
  • Brevundimonas Segers et al. 1994 emend. Abraham et al. 1999 B. alba Poindexter 1964
  • B. aurantiaca (ex Poindexter 1964), Abraham et al. 1999
  • B. aveniformis Ryu et al. 2007
  • B. bacteroides Poindexter 1964 ( Approved Lists 1980)
  • Basaltis B. Choi et al.
  • B. bullata ( Gray and Thornton 1928) Kang et al. 2009
  • B. diminuta ( Leifson and Hugh 1954) Segers et al., 1994
  • B. faecalis scotta et al. 2012
  • B. halotolerans Abraham et al. 2010
  • B. intermedia ( Poindexter 1964), Abraham et al. 1999
  • B. kwangchunensis Yoon et al. 2006
  • B. lenta Yoon et al. 2007
  • B. mediterranea Fritz et al. 2005
  • B. naejangsanensis Kang et al. 2009
  • Nasdae B. Li et al. 2004
  • B. poindexterae Abraham et al. 2010
  • B. staleyi Abraham et al. 2010
  • B. subvibrioides ( Poindexter 1964), Abraham et al. 1999
  • B. terrae Yoon et al. 2006
  • B. vancanneytii Estrela and Abraham 2010
  • B. variabilis ( Poindexter 1989), Abraham et al. 1999
  • As vesicular ( Busing et al. 1953) Segers et al. 1994
  • Viscosa B. Wang et al. 2012
  • C. fusiformis Poindexter. 1964
  • Ginsengisoli C. Liu et al. 2011
  • C. henricii Poindexter 1964
  • C. mirabilis Abraham et al. 2008
  • C. segnis ( Urakami et al., 1990), Abraham et al. 1999
  • C. vibrioides Henrici and Johnson 1935
  • Phenylobacterium Lingens et al. 1985 P. composti Weon et al. 2008
  • Conjunctum P. Abraham et al. 2008
  • P. falsum Tiago et al. 2005
  • Haematophilum P. Abraham et al. 2008
  • P. immobile Lingens et al. 1985
  • P. koreense Aslam et al. 2005
  • P. lituiforme Kanso and Patel 2004
  • P. muchangponense Oh and Raw 2012

Swell

Organism
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