Celtis

European hackberry (Celtis australis)

The nettle trees or nettle trees ( Celtis ) are a genus of the hemp family ( Cannabaceae ). Previously, the genus in the family of the elm family ( Ulmaceae ) was filed.

Dissemination

The nettle trees occur as deciduous species in the northern temperate zone and as evergreen species in the tropics. Dissemination focus is East Asia.

Description

Celtis species are trees or shrubs, sometimes forming root suckers. The bark is usually gray. The alternate and arranged in two rows on the branches leaves are stalked and have a serrated edge. They are three annoying at the base and the lateral nerves run across the edge of the sheet always arched towards the tip and blend. Stipules are present, but they fall early on.

The inconspicuous flowers are usually unisexual, rarely bisexual. The male flowers are as tufts in the lower part of this year's branches. The stalked hermaphrodite flowers are single, leaf axils on the upper part of the branches.

Nettle trees form spherical drupes. In some species, the red to black fruit pulp is edible, even the seeds contained in it is very large.

Systematics and distribution

The genus most abundant in temperate climates comprises 60 to 100 species, including:

  • European hackberry, also Southern Hackberry ( Celtis australis)
  • Celtis Biondii
  • Bunge hackberry (Celtis bungeana ): China and Korea
  • Celtis caucasica: Caucasus, Asia Minor, western Himalaya
  • Celtis cerasifera
  • Celtis chekiangensis
  • Celtis jessoensis: Japan, Korea
  • Celtis julianae: Central China
  • Celtis koraiensis: Korea, Manchuria, North China
  • Celtis labilis: Central China
  • Celtis lacunosa † ( Reuss ) church. Miocene of Europe
  • Glattblättriger hackberry (Celtis laevigata Willd. ): Eastern U.S. and north-eastern Mexico
  • Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K.Koch (syn.: C. helleri Small): This species grows at altitudes between 100 and 200 m above sea level from Texas to northern Mexico.
  • American Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.): This species grows at altitudes 0-1800 m above sea level in many parts of North America. This type is used because of its tolerance to drought as an ornamental plant.
  • Celtis pallida Torr. ( Syn: . C. spinosa Spreng var pallida ( Torr. ) MCJohnst, Momisia pallida ( Torr. ) Planch.. ): It grows at altitudes 1000-1300 m above sea level in Arizona, Florida, Newmexico, Texas, Mexico America, Central America, South America ( to northern Argentina).
  • Celtis philippensis Blanco: This species grows in the monsoon forest in limestone areas at altitudes from 0 to 1000 m above sea level in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Hainan and Yunnan south; Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Africa, Australia and the Pacific Islands.
  • Celtis reticulata Torr. ( Syn: . C. brevipes S.Watson, C. douglasii Planch, C. laevigata Willd var LDBenson reticulata, C. occidentalis L. var reticulata ( Torr. ) Coffin, C. reticulata var vestita coffin.. . ): This species grows at altitudes 300-2300 m above sea level in the United States and northern Mexico.
  • Celtis sinensis (Japan, Korea, eastern China )
  • Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. (Syn.: C. georgiana Small, C. occidentalis L. var georgiana (Small) Ahles, C. pumila Pursh var georgiana (Small) Coffin, C. tenuifolia var georgiana (Small) Fernald & BGSchub. . C. tenuifolia var soperi B.Boivin ): This species grows at altitudes from 0 to 500 m above sea level in the USA.
  • Celtis tetrandra
  • Celtis timorensis
  • Tournefort hackberry (Celtis tournefortii ): Asia Minor, South East Europe
  • Celtis vandervoetiana

Pictures

Western Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis):

Leaves and unripe drupes

Branch with ripe stone fruit

Trunk and bark

European hackberry (Celtis australis):

Leaves, flowers, fruits

Swell

  • Liguo Fu, Xin Yiqun & Alan Whittemore: Ulmaceae in the Flora of China: Volume 5, page 15: Celtis - Online. (English )
  • Description of the genus in the Flora of North America. (English )
Conrad Celtes Rosids Rosales
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