Censored Eleven
The Censored 11 are eleven emerged in the 1930s and 40s cartoons of Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie series Melodies that were taken as a result of self-censorship from the program in 1968 by United Artists and not shown. This was due to latent racist content, which was to show in the late 1960s, no longer considered politically correct (see also civil rights movement ).
Background
Many films from the early days of animation development in which racism emerged in any form ( eg, that the face of a character after an explosion turns black, sometimes with swollen lip ), were simply cut around these short scenes. The Censored 11 However, racism is the basis of the respective cartoons, so you would have this impossible to cut.
The Censored 11 are the following films:
However, there are now some doubts about the racism of some of these cartoons come up, such as in Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs. Director Bob Clampett had allegedly caricatured only a few jazz musicians with whom he was friends in real life.
On German television, at least some of the Censored 11 were still sent in the 1990s, including Goldilocks and the Jivin ' Bears and Jungle Jitters in the children's program of the ARD and Hittin ' the Trail to Hallelujah country on ARTE.
The film rights
The rights to the cartoons were sold by the producing Warner Bros. in 1956 at the Associated Artists Productions and are ignored in the possession of the United Artists subsidiary United Artists Television in 1958. Following the acquisition of United Artists in 1981 by Kirk Kerkorian's Metro -Goldwyn -Mayer this had the rights to the cartoons.
When Ted Turner in 1986 the rights to all Warner Bros. cartoons secured from before 1948 through the acquisition of Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer, he promised that he would not have the Censored 11 ever show or publish. He has kept that promise. As a Time Warner in 1996 with Turner's Turner Broadcasting System ( TBS) and Warner Bros. merged thus effectively bringing back the rights, they were still officially since 1968 unshown.
Three of the eleven films ( Hittin 'the Trail to Hallelujah Land, Jungle Jitters and the Bugs Bunny animated film All This and Rabbit Stew ) are, however, according to American law, public domain and therefore were often legally unlicensed by smaller companies on video and DVD releases. In addition, illegal bootlegs of the remaining 11 Censored exist
Other " censored " movies
Meanwhile, some other Warner Bros. cartoons have disappeared from American television, where one might suspect racism, such as the " Inki " cartoons of Chuck Jones and some animated films from the Second World War, where German ( Mr. meets Hare ) or Japanese ( bugs Bunny nips the nips ) in a negative light.
Other animation studios have some of their animated films set to their blacklist, MGM, for example, two cartoons of Tex Avery (Uncle Tom 's Cabana and Little Pygmy ).