Ceramic heater

Ceramic infrared radiators are devices with a ceramic surface, the electromagnetic radiation in the invisible for the human, the infrared spectral region (heat rays) emit. Such devices are technical radiation sources; unlike natural IR radiation sources such as the sun or fire. In the subject article is about the application of infrared radiation in the heating technology. For other uses, see Infrared radiation.

Construction

The ceramic infrared radiator consists of an electrical resistance heating, which is completely embedded in a suitable ceramic material and having a ceramic surface. By embedding the energy generated by the heating element is transferred to the surrounding material. This protects the heating element from overheating and allows for the extension of his life. The material that is used for embedding of the heating conductor, is electrically non-conductive and should have good emission characteristics in the desired IR range of wavelengths. Based on these criteria are ceramic IR radiators manufactured in different geometries.

Ceramic infrared radiators are therefore bodies in which a part of the surface is made of ceramics and is thus very well used as a radiation area. In ceramic IR radiators employees have the opportunity to position a thermocouple in the immediate vicinity of the heating fixed.

In a specific embodiment, the heat conductor is embedded directly into the ceramic that constitutes the surface. Inventor of this ceramic infrared radiator is the Elstein-Werk. For the basic model of the ceramic Einschraubstrahlers the patent was granted on March 24, 1949 ( today sometimes called Elstein radiators ). In parallel, the development of planar ceramic IR radiators, by means of which the construction of large-area IR heating surfaces is possible. The patent for flat ceramic IR radiators issued to the Elstein-Werk on March 8, 1950. In another method, the heating conductors are embedded such that the heat conduction to the reverse side is minimized.

Applications as heating element

The treated here IR emitters are technical components or devices that are determined by construction, to convert as large a proportion of fed into them energy ( electricity, gas ) to heat, and this mainly through a radiation surface in the form of infrared heat be submitted; This in contrast to Konvektionsheizgeräten where the passing air is heated, which then transports the heat to the environment.

Regardless of the design of the IR radiator the goal is always pursued, the light emitted from the IR emitter and is independent of a transport medium wavy propagating radiation heat supplied to the heated materials loss as possible. It should be noted that the IR emitter - depending on its technical design - his radiation emitted in a certain wavelength range ( spectrum ). The emitted spectrum is described by Planck 's radiation law. This always has a wavelength with the radiation maximum, according to which Wienschem displacement law is inversely proportional function of the temperature. When used as an IR heater in the living area the Oberflächentemperetur is 40 to 80 ° C, with warm cabins and in the industrial area a few hundred degrees Celsius. Depending on this, the radiation power maximum yields at 2-9 microns.

Effects on the illuminated body

Because of the different atomic structure of warming goods, these differ in terms of the spectral range within which they can best absorb the emitted radiation. Radiation components, they can not record due to the material are passed through the material or reflected by it.

Receiving the IR radiation by the material to be heated is referred to as absorption. The absorption process on the material to be heated is thus always also ( proportionally ) a process that is accompanied by reflection and transmission of IR radiation.

Man as to be heated feels radiant heat to be extremely enjoyable, especially when it comes from the front, from the side or at an angle from above.

High temperatures are in a small area for use in infrared cabins and visible radiation is desired.

In private homes heating panels can be larger, but have to be unobtrusive. Surface temperature must be low enough so that the contact does not cause any burns. Opposite wall heaters have ceramic infrared heaters take advantage of a much higher radiation component, lower losses in the walls and the omission of any installation work. Due to the higher proportion of radiation considerably less heating energy for the same well-being consumed than in Central, floor or wall heating, so that the operating costs - are lower than those with gas, oil or solid fuel powered central heating - despite the use of (day - ) current. Opposite is tiled with a comparable comfort to purchase much cheaper and no operation is required, the long life, however, is comparable.

• Heating
• Electric heating apparatus
• Technical Ceramics