Chalcedon

• Byzantium Chalcedon
• Chrysopolis
• Hieria

• Pera

Chalcedon (also Chalcedon Chalcedon, Chalcedon Χαλκηδών Greek, Turkish today: Kadıköy district of İstanbul ) was an ancient port city in Bithynia, Asia Minor, located on the Bosphorus directly opposite Byzantium, south of Scutari.

History

Chalcedon was founded as a Megarian colony. The advantages of the system of a city on the opposite shore ( where later the city of Byzantium was founded ) were so obviously not taken note that the city by the oracle was given the designation " Blindness ".

In its early history, the town shared the fate of Byzantium, was conquered by the commander Otanes, long torn between the interests of Sparta and Athens, and finally in 133 BC by Attalus III. of Pergamon to the Romans passed.

Chalcedon was destroyed by Mithridates partially, but later recaptured.

In the year 451, the Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon was held in the city, which led to a break with the so-called Monophysites and to separate the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch, the Armenian Apostolic such as the Coptic Church. Later, the former bishopric of Chalcedon was raised to an archbishopric and is still the seat of a Metropolitan of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople Opel and a Titularerzbistum the Roman Catholic Church.

Chalcedon was repeatedly covered by attacks of various nations after they had attacked Byzantium and served 616-626 as supply place of the Persians under Chosroes II, the city served as a quarry for the expansion of the Turks Istanbul centuries later.

Location

The Greek historian Polybius (2nd century BC) noted in his History (Book IV.43 -44), that Chalcedon because of its location on the coast of Asia by the flow in the Marmara Sea, the ship towards Byzantium to the European coastal drive was mainly economically disadvantaged.

Attractions

To the south are the ruins of Panteichion ( Pendik ) which are considered as a former retirement home of Belisarius.

Famous citizens

• Dionysius of Chalcedon, philosopher
• Euphemia of Chalcedon, martyr.
• Xenocrates, a student of Plato.

Others

Chalcedon is named after the mineral chalcedony.