Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
Charles V Leopold, called the Duke without Duchy, ( born April 3, 1643 Vienna, † April 18, 1690 in Wels, Upper Austria ) was titular of Lorraine from 1675 to 1690; He was the son of Duke Nikolaus Franz and Claudia of Lorraine, and the brother in law of Emperor Leopold I..
Biography
Charles, Carolus called always and persistently, was determined as a younger son for an ecclesiastical career. In 1648 he was provost of Saint- Dié and in 1649 Abbot of Gorze. However, the death of his elder brother Ferdinand in 1659 made him the heir of Lorraine and Bar He resigned from his ecclesiastical office back and switched to a military career.
From 1663 he was in the imperial service, participated in the Battle of Mogersdorf against the Ottomans in part (1 August 1664). 1668/69, he applied unsuccessfully to the Polish throne. In 1671 he fought in Hungary under General Johann Špork. At the siege of Murau in Styria he had commanding rank. The following year, he was the commander of the imperial cavalry under Raimondo Montecuccoli. In the battle of Seneffe 1674 he was wounded in the head. In September 1675 he was appointed generalissimo of the imperial armies, and in 1676 he took part in the siege of Philipsburg.
Also in September 1675, he assumed the title of Duke of Lorraine, after his uncle Charles IV had died in the same month. He was by all European states - recognized as Herzog - with the exception of France, which held for a long time occupied Lorraine. He was by his marriage with Eleanor Maria Josepha of Austria in 1678 the brother of the Emperor Leopold I.. 1679 he was appointed governor of Tyrol and the foreland. In 1678 he commanded the passage of the Imperial Army of the Black Forest.
He played a pivotal role as an imperial commander ( 1675-88 ) at the Battle of Vienna on September 12, 1683 in the conquest of Buda in 1686, just as 1687 the reconquest of Hungary, Slavonia and Transylvania (Great Turkish War, Battle of Mohács ). In May 1688 he relinquished his military office of Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria. A little later he was reactivated, took over a command in the Nine Years' War, when he fell ill. He returned back to Innsbruck for the time being, but then wanted to go to Vienna to negotiate with Emperor Leopold I of a comprehensive reform of the army.
Although he was not feeling well, he traveled to Vienna, but died on 18 April 1690 in Wels from a pulmonary embolism. According to Voltaire, the French King Louis XIV is said to have said to his death: le plus grand, le plus say et le plus généreux de mes ennemis est mort - the greatest, wisest and most generous of my enemies died. Charles V was initially buried in the Jesuit Church of Innsbruck. When France released in October 1697 by the Peace of Rijswijk Lorraine, his body to the Lorraine capital Nancy was transferred, where Karl in the chapel Ducale finally the final resting place.
Reception
By the imperial resolution of Franz Joseph I of February 28, 1863, Charles V was " the most famous, to the everlasting emulation worthy warlords and generals of Austria" in the list of added, in whose honor and remembrance also a life-size statue in the Feldherrenhalle of the then newly constructed kk Hofwaffenmuseums (now the Military History Museum Vienna) was built. The statue was created in 1867 by sculptor Josef Anton Gröbmer ( 1812-1882 ) in Carrara marble, it was dedicated by Archduke Albrecht.
In Vienna Floridsdorf ( 21st District ) Karl- Lorraine Road is named after him.
In Nancy, the Boulevard Charles V is named after him.
Progeny
Karl married in 1678 Eleanor Maria Josepha ( 1653-1697 ), daughter of Emperor Ferdinand III. and Eleonora Gonzaga, and widow of Michael Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland; their children were:
- Leopold (1679-1729), Duke of Lorraine
- Charles Joseph (1680-1715), Bishop of Olomouc and Archbishop of Trier
- Eleonore (1682-1682)
- Karl Ferdinand (1683-1685)
- Joseph (1685-1705), the Imperial General
- Franz Joseph (1689-1715), Abbot of Stavelot and Malmedy