Chen Yonggui

Chen Yonggui (Chinese陈永贵/陈永贵, Pinyin Chén Yǒngguì; born February 14, 1913 † 26 March 1986) was as an agricultural politician in the People's Republic of China at the time of Mao Zedong an important symbolic figure.

Chen Yonggui was the son of poor peasants in Xiyang county, Shanxi province. His family moved in 1924 in the village of Dazhai, which would later ascend under Chen's leadership to the socialist "model".

After the founding of the People 's Republic of China (1949 ) dedicated Chen, who was as dispossessed rural workers to the lowest stratum of the population, itself. A cooperative agrarian reform It was not until 1955, he learned to read and write. In 1963 he became party secretary in Dazhai, whose inhabitants new farmland won with him at the top in a massive show of strength by building a terraced irrigation system in the hills. From 1964 Dazhai was nationally touted as a model for the motion " Relying on one's own strength ." Chen Yonggui was elected a deputy of the National People's Congress. 1968, during the Cultural Revolution, the role model Dazhais was reconfirmed. 1969 Chen rose to the 9th Congress of the CPC in the Central Committee, the Politburo in 1973.

1975 witnessed the "Farmer of Dazhai " the height of his reputation, when he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister. In the autumn of the same year a national conference on "Learning from Dazhai " was held. Dazhai had freed himself by heroic work use out of poverty and created foundations for mechanization of agriculture in an inhospitable and inaccessible landscape. Chen Yonggui, the public appearances always worked with his wound to the forehead towel, as he was coming directly from the field, was a role model, in which China's farmers could recognize themselves. At the conference, the goal was announced to create more and more groups of type Dazhai in agriculture. In most villages of China at that time formed, which consists of about a dozen families " production group " the economic base unit of collective agriculture, in Dazhai it was the whole village as a " brigade ". The creation of such a large collective units was seen as a way to enable the use of modern machines and to increase the efficiency of production. The keynote address on the Dazhai Conference held the hitherto unknown Politburo member Hua Guofeng. A year later, Hua succeeded him after the death of Mao Zedong. As the new chairman of the party he laid emphasis on close collaboration with Chen Yonggui, which was confirmed in 1977 at the 11th Party Congress as a member of the Politburo.

At this time, however, gained strength in the party's reform wing to Deng Xiaoping, who rejected the Dazhai model. The Dazhai philosophy based on the idea, just under the harsh unfavorable starting conditions of central China to make it through moral mobilization of large collectives with huge labor-intensive efforts seemingly impossible possible. This corresponded to the deep faith of Mao Zedong in the ability of the masses to liberate themselves and " to move mountains ", but came into conflict with a reality in the Chinese agriculture largely stagnated and in some poor regions of the supply situation still precarious had. 1977, sponsored by the Deng Xiaoping reform politician Zhao Ziyang in Sichuan province first experiments with a return to the family business and free markets, which should offer the farmers more incentives and opportunities for personal initiative. This " responsibility system " was generally imposed after 1980 guideline. At the same time, the reform concept aimed to make the relatively well-off coastal regions using Western capital to the engine of China's development.

The 1981 made ​​disempowerment of the party chairman Hua Guofeng also meant the end of political career Yongguis Chen, who in 1982 lost his positions as party leaders. Against him and his family now a smear campaign was staged. At one time it was said that the successes had been achieved Dazhais not " own resources ", but with the support of the state and have been manipulating the statistics. Chen led a local arbitrary regime, Dazhai was shown a total of completely negative.

In 1983 it was unofficial, Chen Yonggui work as a consultant for a state farm in Beijing. By his death in 1986 was hardly noticed. In today's China, where the situation created by the reforms of the 1980s peasant economy is going through a severe crisis and efforts to establish modern municipal and rural cooperative activities with agriculture and light industry are encouraged, Dazhai is evaluated again balanced. The party secretary Guo Fenglian, which belonged to the famous troupe of "Iron Girl from Dazhai " in the period under Chen Yonggui, is a respected politician who is especially active in women's rights. Dazhai now operates barely agriculture, but produced as a municipal company mainly textiles and spirits.

• Politician ( People's Republic of China)
• CCP member
• Chinese
• Born in 1913
• Died in 1986
• Man