Chloranthaceae

Sarcandra glabra

The Chloranthaceae are the only family of the order Chloranthales, one of the basal orders of angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ).

  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

They are mostly evergreen woody plants: often shrubs or small trees with soft wood. Some species are perennial herbaceous plants. This wonderfully aromatic plants contain much essential oil. The often highly swollen Nodien fall together during drying. The oppositely arranged leaves are continually divided into petiole and leaf blade. The two opposing petioles are usually fused at their base with each other. The simple leaf blades have Fiedernervatur and sawn or notched leaf edges. The relatively small side sheets are more or less wide spread.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are often together in branched, paniculate, or capitate inflorescences aged men. The relatively small flowers are hermaphrodite or unisexual. If the flowers are unisexual then the species dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ).

Bloom often and are sometimes lacking in female present, there are three small, sepal -like bracts that are adherent to the ovary. Hermaphrodite flowers contain one or three stamens which are inserted on one side of the ovary. Male flowers usually contain only one stamen. The anthers open with a longitudinal slot. Hermaphrodite and female flowers contain only one under constant carpel. The carpel contains only a continuous, orthotropic ovule. It is at most a short style available.

Fruit and seeds

The egg-shaped to spherical, drupe -like fruits bestitzen a more or less fleshy exocarp and a hard endocarp. The seeds have Perisperm, oily endosperm and a relatively small embryo.

Systematics and distribution

The Chloranthaceae are a very ancient taxon, which has been shown to the Lower Cretaceous fossils. The Chloranthaceae family owns a disjoint area. Your home is the tropics and subtropics, with the exception of the African continent.

The name of the Chloranthaceae in 1820 by the British botanist Robert Brown in John Sims, situated Botanical Magazine, Volume 48 with the board in 2190. Type genus is Chloranthus Sw ..

Its status as an independent order is supported by both molecular genetic as morphological findings. Presumably they are the sister group of the Magnoliids.

To the family of Chloranthaceae include four genera with 70-80 species:

  • Ascarina J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. ( Syn: Ascarinopsis Humbert & Capuron ): The approximately 19 species are widespread Malaysia's over Polynesia to New Zealand and one species ( Ascarina coursii ( Humbert & Capuron ) J.- F.Leroy & Jérémie ) in Madagascar.
  • Chloranthus Sw. ( Syn: Cryphaea Buch.-Ham, Nigrina Thun, Tricercandra A.Gray. . ): The approximately 17 species are widely distributed from temperate to tropical Asia into ( Indomalesien and East Asia ) ago. 13 species occur in China, nine of them only there.
  • Hedyosmum Sw. The approximately 41 species occur in the Neotropics and Southeast Asia.
  • Sarcandra Gardner: The about three types come from India to Southeast Asia before.

Swell

  • The order of Chloranthales in APWebsite. (Sections systematics and description)
  • The Chloranthaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz family. ( Description section )
  • Nianhe Xia & Joël Jérémie: Chloranthaceae, pp. 132 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Science Press and Missouri, among other things, inter alia, Beijing 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 (sections systematics and description).
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