Christoph Wilhelm Jacob Gatterer
Christoph Wilhelm Jacob Gatterer ( born November 29, 1759 in Göttingen, † September 11, 1838 in Heidelberg ) was a German high school teacher and forest scientists.
Family
Gatterer was the second son of the Göttingen scholar Johann Christoph Gatterer. His mother was Helena Barbara Schubart (also: Schubert, 1728-1806 ), the daughter of a Nuremberg Büttner, Sealer and Konstabels of artillery. Gatterer had ten brothers and sisters who died partially young. A sister was Magdalene Philippine, Philippine Engelhard later. Another sister, Johanna Magdalena (1762-1850), married Georg Wolfgang Eichhorn (1760-1830), a Hochgräflich Pueckler 's personal physician to Lauffen (also running), Stadtphysikus to Hersbruck and personal physician to Nuremberg.
Gatterer married on 9 April 1787 at Northeim Hohnstedt Justina Amalia, born Klingsöhr ( 1767-1863 ), a daughter of August Klingsöhr Conrad ( 1737-1818 ), the Superintendent of Hohnstedt. The couple had two daughters: Helena Christina (1796-1808) and Clementine Helene ( 1800-1878 ). Both remained unmarried, the younger worked for many years as her father's secretary. The subsequent sale of the " Gatterer apparatus " and other document collections of her father to Switzerland went out above all from her.
University teacher
After a visit to a school in Göttingen Gatterer was enrolled on January 3, 1778 Professor Son " honoris causa " in the philosophical faculty of the University of Gottingen. He studied economic sciences (then Cameralia ) and in 1787 received his doctorate.
Until 1787 he worked in Göttingen as a Privatdozent of Mineralogy and Natural History. In this role, he led technological field trips to various mines in the Harz, the pit " Dorothea " at Clausthal in the years 1783, 1785 and 1786, as well as other in Allmerode and Allendorf. The findings here later learned were in the work instructions to tour the resin and other mines with benefits that is counted among the most important contemporary historical, professional scientific work on the resin.
With 28 years Gatterer was appointed in 1787 as professor of Kameralwissenschaft and Technology at the University of Heidelberg. He was the successor of Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling, who had moved to Marburg. In 1797 he received the appointment as professor of diplomacy. By the year 1838 Gatterer developed a broad teaching at the " Ruperto Carola " in the disciplines it represents. During this time he also developed into a widely recognized forestry professional. So he gave from 1796 to 1807, the New Forest Archive for the expansion of forestry and hunting Science and the Forestry and Hunting literature out.
1790 Gatterer " Electoral Palatinate Real Bergrat " and 1805 " Grand Ducal Baden Oberforstrat ".
Other activities
Also handy to Gatterer committed as a forest botanist and landscape architect. He was instrumental in the design and planting of the Schwetzingen parks and 1804 participated in the establishment of a tree conditioned on the Heidelberg Castle Terrace.
Director of the Heidelberg Castle garden
From about 1803 Gatterer was director of the Heidelberg Castle garden. On 12 June 1804, the Grand Duke Karl Friedrich in Heidelberg let him explain the plan of economic and forest botanical garden in the castle garden for the university. The submitted proposal was adopted by the Grand Duke.
Originally Gatterer had used the Schwetzingen horticulture director Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell for the planning, received a call to Munich, however, in March 1804. Such was his successor, garden inspector Johann Michael Zeyher, essential partner Gatterer in the design and implementation of the plans. On heaped terraces Seeds and tree nurseries, orchards and fields patterns for cereals were created. 1808, the construction of the plant was completed. The garden then was under the State Economic Section of the Faculty of Arts and became a popular destination of Heidelberg.
The Gatterer apparatus
After his father's death in 1799 his university teaching collection, the so-called " Gatterer apparatus " fell to his son. He expanded the collection in the following decades considerable and systematically, where he particularly benefited from the made in Reichsdeputationshauptschluss secularization of the Rhenish monasteries. Gatterer acquired extensive collections of old Palatinate Worms and monastery records and incorporated it into the apparatus. So was important archival documents are preserved during the turmoil of the French Revolution from destruction.
Gatterer built the collection but not only, he also sold parts of the apparatus. So he probably sold stocks of the French Count Charles de Graimberg who lived in Heidelberg at that time.
In addition to continuing his father's collection Gatterer had created a separate, predominantly forestry science oriented books collection. 1818 bought by the King of Württemberg this collection for the Tübingen University Library. The collection also includes a large number of prints on agriculture, forestry and hunting economy, technology, natural history and mining and an extensive collection of literature on the resin.
Memberships
- Societas Regia Scientiarium Gottingensis (1787 )
- Royal Historical Institute Göttingen ( 1787)
- Braunschweig-Lüneburg agricultural society (1799, foreign member )
- Mathematics and Physical Society Erfurt ( 1799)
- Hallische Nature Research Society (1799 )
- Cameralistic - Oekonomische Societät to Erlangen (1811 )
- Society for the promotion of science in Marburg (1817 )
- Frankfurt Society for the promotion of useful arts (1817, Corresponding Member )
- Society for promotion of science to Freiburg ( 1833)
- Kunstverein Mannheim ( 1836)
- Mannheim club of Natural History (1836 )
- Agricultural Association Ettlingen (unknown)
Honorary Memberships
- Pegnesischer flower north ( religious name: Myrtillus IV Christmas Rose, 1794)
- Societät the forestry and hunting Science ( 1797)
- Jenaische Mineralogical Societät (1798 )
- Hesse - Casselsche society of agriculture and the arts (1799 )
- Wetterauische Society for Healthy Natural History (1808 )
Writings
In addition to teaching Gatterer was a prolific writer on a variety of technical subjects: zoology, mining and forestry, trade and science of agriculture, trade and technology.
Prominent among his journalistic work are the forestry scientific papers. He placed in the general repertory of forestry and hunting scientific literature, together with critical remarks about the value of the individual writings, the existing forestry literature together, and commended them critically. Gottfried Wilhelm Moser of Filsecks (1729-1793) 1788 Forstarchiv begun to expand the forest and hunt science and forestry and hunting scientific literature, he sat in 1796 in collaboration with other technical writers under the title New Forstarchiv continued.
- Treatise on the benefits and harms of the animals that catch species, etc., 2 parts, 1781-1783
- Directory of the most distinguished writers on the parts of the mining industry, 2 pieces, 1786-1787
- Natural History ABC Book, 2 parts, 1789 ( other editions 1792 and 1808)
- Treatise of the trading range of the Russians, 1789
- Treatise of the trading range of the Ottoman Turks, 3 departments, 1790-1792
- Treatise of the fur trade, especially the British, 1794
- General Repertory of forest science literature, Ulm 1796
- Forestry Calendar 1798
- General Repertory of the entire mining, mineralogical and salt factory scientific literature, 2 volumes, 1798 to 1799
- Additions to von Drais ' treatise from Lerchenbaum, 1801
- Treatise on the reduction of field mice, 1803
- List of those stuffed animals that are in the collection at the Heidelberg castle. With Supplement of 1810, 1808
- Literature of the viticulture of all nations, from the earliest to the latest times, along with reviews and the most important literary, lists, 1832
Gatterer was editor of:
- Technological Magazine, 1790-1794
- New Forestry Archive, 1796-1807
- Annals of Forestry and Hunting Science, Volume 1 ( together with Christian Peter Laurop ), 1811