Chromosome 11 (human)

Chromosome 11 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. A normal person has two nearly identical copies of this chromosome in most of its cells.

Decryption of chromosome 11

The chromosome 11 consists of 134 million base pairs. A base pair is the smallest information unit of DNA. Chromosome 11 contains approximately 4 to 4.5 % of the total DNA of a human cell. The identification of the genes on this chromosome is the part of the ongoing process of the human genome. On chromosome 11 are 1300-1900 genes. So far in 1368 it is known.

Although the chromosome 11 from the size it is only a medium-sized human chromosome, it carries an extremely high number of genes. As a result, even according to many diseases and symptoms (in 2006, 171) have their origin in mutations and disorders of the genes of this chromosome. 765 pseudogenes, which are no longer functional ( " disconnected " ) genes were identified in 2006 at the DNA sequencing.

Known genes on chromosome 11

The chromosome 11 contains the following genes:

  • ADM: adrenomedullin
  • BAD: Bcl -2- antagonist of cell death,
  • LIM motif -oncogenes
  • TCN1: transcobalamin
  • C1IN: C1 -esterase inhibitor
  • C11orf30: Protein EMSY
  • CGRP: Calcitonin Gene - Related Peptide
  • PAX6: Pax - 6 gene
  • KCNJ1: Renal Outer Medullary Potassium channel
  • WT- 1 Wilms tumor suppressor gene
  • ApoA-I/-IV/-V/ApoC-III: Apolipoprotein
  • L- CPT1: Carnitine acyltransferase system 1
  • TRIM5: TRIM5alpha ( tripartite motif )
  • DHCR7 :7- dehydrocholesterol reductase
  • Insulin
  • Insulin-like growth factors (IGF ) gene for insulin -like growth factor 2 (IGF 2)

Medical importance

With the genes located on chromosome 11, inter alia, the following genetic diseases or symptoms are associated:

  • Acute intermittent porphyria
  • Oculocutaneous albinism type 1
  • Aniridia
  • Bartter syndrome type II
  • Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome
  • Bladder cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Denys - Drash syndrome
  • Emanuel syndrome
  • Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
  • Jacobsen syndrome
  • Louis-Bar syndrome
  • Nephroblastoma
  • Niemann- Pick disease type A B
  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Smith - Lemli -Opitz syndrome
  • Thalassemia
  • Papillon -Lefevre syndrome
  • Potocki - Shaffer syndrome
Bcl-2-associated death promoter C1-inhibitor ROMK 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome Denys–Drash syndrome Wilms' tumor
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