Church of the Redeemer, Sacrow
South of the Potsdam hamlet Sacrow stands at the bank of the Havel, the Saviour Church at Port of Sacrow simply called " Savior Church " or "the Sacrower Church." The exceptional due to their location and style church was built in 1844. Friedrich Wilhelm IV wanted a church in the Italian style with free-standing bell tower ( Campanile ). After sketches of the king, it was built by his architect Ludwig Persius. Since 1961, it was in the range of the Berlin Wall and suffered significant damage at this time. After the turn it was restored in the 1990s. Nestled in the Sacrower Castle Park is part of the Potsdamer Havel landscape, ranging from the peacock island up to Werder and with its castles and gardens stands as an ensemble since 1990 as a World Heritage Site under UNESCO protection.
- 4.1 nave
- 4.2 Campanile ( bell tower )
- 4.3 interior
- 4.4 organ
Name
After the presentation of Persius ' would have the church " The ship " should be called. The church seal bears the Latin inscription S ( igillum ) Ecclesiae Sanctissimi Salvatoris in Portu sacro. Translated: " Seal of the Church of the Most Holy Redeemer ( Savior ) in the sacred haven." Here, the Slavic place name Sacrow was ( za krowje means " behind the bushes " ) as ablative form of the Latin adjective sacro sacer ( "holy" ) is used. The well-known as a Latin word sanctus Holy titles whose superlative Sanctissimus in the text of the seal occurs is actually the past participle " sanctified " to the post-classical verb sancire ( "holy "). " Saviour Church on Port of Sacrow " is therefore not a very accurate translation of the text label.
Location
The church stands on a projecting into the Jungfernsee terrace. It is located 300 meters south of the small Sacrower castle and one of whose castle park, the landscape architect Peter Joseph Lenne also spacious remodeled in the 1840s. The village Sacrow Its old core is situated north-east of the castle at the Havelbucht Sacrower Lanke is, since 1939 the district of Potsdam. Sacrow and its castle park located on a 300 to 500 meters wide, predominantly forested land bridge that extends parallel to the Havel Sacrower lake behind. The church opposite bank of the Havel extends zoom up to 200 meters and is also forested. Although the church just 1.2 km as the crow away from the Glienicke Bridge, the land route to the center of the south-west of the Virgin lake nearby Potsdam is about 10 km away.
History
Earlier churches of Sacrow
Little is known about the first Sacrower church. The built of fieldstone church stood in the place and fell most likely during the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648 ). The first mention found in records dating back to 1661, when the pastor of driving country was responsible for the pastoral care of the community.
At the same spot, a half-timbered church was erected in 1694, under which there was still the crypt vault of the previous building. The reigning from 1774 to 1794 Fahrländer Pastor Johann Andres Moritz gives in his diary a detailed insight into the life of the village and the changing owner of the manor house built in 1774. In Theodor Fontane's " Walks through the Mark Brandenburg" these records are reproduced substantially. Pastor Moritz wrote in 1790 his negative feelings, which he spake against the puny parish had (play by Fontane ): My parish is an arduous parish. Sakrow (only Branch ) is located one mile from ... it 's all considered a morose Branch, and yet I must travel to all 14 days. God! You know, like me then ... go to dinner and talk must how acidic it is now me ... After the death of the pastor Moritz Sacrower the community in 1794 came back in the custody of the St. Nicholas Church and Potsdam in 1808 to travel the country.
The small half-timbered church was unusable since 1813 and had to be demolished because of dilapidation 1822. The Christian community court then made a prayer room in a house near the manor house, the castle later, one in which on July 21, 1844 took place the services until completion of the Savior Church.
Construction of the Saviour Church
In October 1840, Frederick William IV acquired the estate for 60,000 dollars and gave it to as a domain in November of the same year the Royal Government in Potsdam. Long before the purchase of the king outlined churches for Sacrow. For a new building suitable seemed a bay, a harbor, where the fishing Havel sought shelter in a storm with their boats. The local ferry dock was 300 meters northeastward moved to its present location.
The court architect Ludwig Persius, aided by his closest collaborators Ferdinand von Arnim, who was entrusted with the project manager on site, put the pre-made by the king to sketches in his typical clear design. The protruding into the water Saviour Church gives as planned associations of a ship. The church build in the reeds on the shore zone, required as founding a pile structure. The gobbling up a third of the total construction costs of 45 234 thalers and 27 pence. The castle became the vicarage for the Saviour Church. After the start of construction in 1841, the solemn inauguration took place on July 21, 1844 after only three years.
In the early years, the building underwent some changes: in 1845 received the apse her monumental fresco. At the same time, the first, imitating marble interior painting of the ship were painted one color, and the first parallel to the longitudinal walls erected stalls were oriented towards the altar. In 1850 the roof was significant rain damage. When repairing the previously placed terracotta palmettes were replaced by those made of cast zinc.
The garden architect Peter Joseph Lenne designed after 1842, the area around the church building, the bay, the park of the castle Sacrow and a 1843/44 converted by Ludwig Persius in the Italian style Fährpächter and restaurant "Zum Doctor Faustus " at the eastern end of the park. Lenne created, as in his usual facilities, wide promenades and wide sight to the parks of Schloss Glienicke, Babelsberg, the New Garden and the city of Potsdam. The 24 -acre park Sacrower was involved in its landscaping transformation of Potsdamer Havel landscape.
After the consecration of the church Sacrow remained only four years an independent parish, was then looked after by the clergy of the Church of Peace and assigned from 1859 Bornstedt. Another change there was in 1870, when the parish church of the Saviour with that of Kleinglienicke (later to Neubabelsberg ) and the Church of St. Peter and Paul on Nikolskoje as well as the village of Stolpe (now Berlin -Wannsee ) merged.
Destruction, decay and restoration since 1961
The building of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 resulted in the course of the following decades of considerable damage and especially in the Church of the Redeemer. The barrier of the GDR along the German - German border ran directly through the church grounds. The bell was made part of the Barrier by ansetzte the high concrete slabs of the clock tower. The church building was now in " no man's land " to West Berlin. Still found until Christmas Eve 1961 regular church services. A few days later the interior of the Saviour church that stood on by GDR border troops sharply guarded area was devastated by the security organs and thus made impossible the further use. Border authorities created so that an excuse to completely seal off the church to prevent any escape attempts from this border section.
The state of the church deteriorated from year to year. As could be seen from the water and the West Berlin side of the Havel from that of the decay assumed alarming proportions, tried West Berlin political means to save the building. Through the initiative of the then mayor of West Berlin, Richard von Weizsäcker, and after lengthy negotiations between church authorities and the competent governmental authorities of the GDR, was 1984/85 the exterior of the church building to be restored. At the beginning of the remedial measures, the figures of the apostles were recovered and outsourced ( for pairs / ganglia ). Other important parts of the interior, but the damage was still present in 1981 were lost.
After the fall of the Berlin wall, a service in the church was on Christmas Eve 1989, after almost three decades, held back. The at this time destroyed the interior of the Church of the Redeemer received after extensive restoration in the years 1993-1995 its current appearance. The preliminary studies for this began already in 1990. Entrusted with this task in collaboration with the architects could Monument Authority and the Church Building Authority after a few extant drawings documents and black and white photos reconstruct architectural details and restore the original condition as far as possible. The brackets under the Acts statuettes are free though modeled after historical models and the original order of the established figures of the apostles was no longer detectable. The new organ was installed in June 2009.
By Peter Joseph Lenné landscaped garden area of eight hectares in the course of the border fortifications were completely destroyed and the park has been diverted by the construction of garages, dog kennels and a replica of a typical border crossing point for the training of customs dogs. From 1994, the area was restored.
Since the dissolution of the pastorate in 1977 Sacrower church belongs to the parish of Potsdamer Evangelical Pentecostal church and since recovery in 1995 are regular church services and concerts in the Saviour church.
Architecture
Nave
As with the slightly later established Church of Peace in Sanssouci Park also served at the Church of the Redeemer those religious buildings as a model, which have been transformed by the early Christian communities in the Roman Market and court halls. The royal builder preferred, as in these houses of worship common to a simple, flat ceiling construction as opposed to the neo-Gothic style with its high vaulted ceiling hall. The early Christian architecture was an architectural throwback to early Christianity, whose cohesion in the community of faith was exemplary for him for Friedrich Wilhelm IV.
The over 9 meters high, 18 meters long and 8 meters wide cubic structures, with east -developed apse is surrounded by a covered arcade. So optically the impression of a three-aisled basilica. Since the portico stands on a semi-circular foundation in the Havel, the church looks from the water and from the opposite bank of the Berlin- Wannseer southwest corner from underneath the mountain shepherd, like a ship at anchor.
The fluted columns have capitals instead of a palmette ring of cast zinc. At the front of the order of columns is interrupted by two large sandstone pillars. In them Bible quotations are carved into the stone in the way of votive tablets, with words from the Gospel of John verse 1-16, and Chapter 13 of the first letter to the Corinthians. Through the arched window in the upper part of the nave - the clerestory windows - and the rose window in the west gable, Light falls into the interior of the church. The deluded from yellowish pink brick exterior walls are interrupted by horizontal stripes with blauglasierten, yellow patterned tiles. Both of Greek temples and on early Christian buildings recalls the flat roof pitch of the various components. At the apex of the roof gable cross of cast zinc adorns the front.
Campanile ( bell tower )
On the rectangular courtyard with exedra ( semi- circular bench ) on the narrow sides, stands the 20-foot high Campanile. The tower has the same brick veneer with inlaid tile pattern as the house of God. The round-arched openings to take up and end in the last floor in an open Belvedere. The conclusion is a flat roof tent with ball and cross.
The bell bears a more than 600 -year-old bronze bell. Your handed down, but must remain cast year should be 1406. The first mention of it was in the year 1661. The bell probably dates back to the old stone church. A second bell is 1917 and its successor in 1944 was requisitioned for military production.
In the summer of 1897 the bell tower was used by the physicists Adolf Slaby and Georg Graf von Arco experimentation for perfecting the Marconi wireless technology that created the necessary prerequisites for broadcasting. Here, the first German antenna system for wireless telegraphy was built. On August 27, the signal transmission to the 1.6 km distant imperial naval base Kongsnæs succeeded on the opposite bank of the Virgin Lake in the Swan Avenue in Potsdam. A 1928 created by Hermann Hosaeus plaque above the front door of the Campanile has this experiment out (see picture below left). In the center of the panel, which is made of green dolomite, Atlas is the world globe surrounded by lightning and the memorandum: In this place built in 1897 Prof. Adolf Slaby and Count of Arco, the first German antenna system for wireless traffic.
Interior
In the church hall simply held the fresco painting dominates the apse in Byzantine style. On golden glossy background of the enthroned Christ is depicted with the book of life, surrounded by the four Evangelists Luke, Matthew, John and Mark with their symbolic figures bull, man, eagle and lion. Above their heads floating in a semi-circle figures of angels. At the apex of the hemisphere you can see the dove as a symbol of the Holy Spirit. According to the draft of the most important painters of German Romanticism, Carl Joseph Bega, Adolph Eybel led the painting in 1845 from a fresco technique. In the semicircle of Vorjochs ( Bema ), the color design of the hall ceiling, yellow stars on a blue background, resumed.
The free-standing altar of cedar was vandalized in 1961. As a reconstruction due to lack of documentation has not been possible today is an equal but stresses schlichterer table at the same place. The special request Friedrich Wilhelm IV is not in accordance with the cross on the altar, but at some distance behind, so that the priest come in between and with a view to the municipality can handle on the altar. The nave has a coffered ceiling with exposed beam construction. The spacing of the bars correspond to no longer exactly the original since the exterior and roof restoration in 1985. The fields are covered with blue cloth and painted bright yellow stars, according to the obtained vault of the apse. Between the clerestory windows are on consoles statuettes of the twelve apostles of basswood. They were 1840/1844 carved by Jacob Alberty. As an example of the Apostle Peter Vischer statuettes served at St. Sebald St. Sebald in Nuremberg made ( around 1500) and by Christian Daniel Rauch models for the Berlin Cathedral.
The seats were in the first year parallel to the longitudinal walls. Since 1845 they had arranged to four blocks towards apse. Likewise, the stands after 1990 faithfully replaced pews. The very high backrests and the same high doors between the pews should avoid any distraction and divert the attention of the faithful to the increased by three notches altar, pulpit and lectern. The foot of the pews has a wooden floor, a few inches are inserted above the floor, in the colored clay tiles.
The only access into the church building is located on the western side. In this area, a small sacristy is separated from the church. Moreover, here the stairs to the overlying organ loft is located.
Organ
The 1844 created from Potsdamer organ builder Gottlieb Heise single-manual instrument had five registers with attached pedal. 1907 altered Alexander Schuke the organ by larger 8'- front pipes. Now included six manual and a pedal register. In 1961, the instrument was destroyed by vandalism. From 1990 to 2009 was a dummy in his place. For financial reasons, the real new organ was installed in June 2009. The instrument of the organ workshop Wegscheider is with two manuals, pedal, 17 registers ( alternating loops ) and lateral play table equipped.
- Couplers: II / I, I / P
- In addition to register: Rossignol
- Accessories: Ripienozug, Gesamttremulant