Civil service

Under the name of public service ( colloquially: State Service) refers to the activity of officials ( and other persons employed as judges, soldiers and legal trainees due to public law ) and public employees ( employees ) of public bodies, institutions and foundations. The employment in the public service active people is called a service relationship.

Germany

Colloquially, the term is used civil service, which was used before the year 1920 exclusively for the public service yet.

Justification of the employment relationship

Employer (or, if officials employer ) can municipalities, federal states, the federal government or other public bodies, public institutions and foundations under public law to be. Who appoints service personnel in the public service or setting is a setting authority.

For the public sector, for example, in addition to the activities in the administration are usually working in schools, universities, water utilities and government hospitals. The waste collection and transport companies are often privatized. For public service in a broader sense also includes the social security ( Federal Employment Agency, German pension insurance, health insurance, professional associations) as well as the activities in public savings banks and the Bundesbank.

In the German civil service promotion of women required by law, gender mainstreaming is binding on European obligations and diversity management is considered as a possible extension of equality strategies.

The staffing in the public service subject to the principle of selecting the best acc. Article 33 Paragraph 2 of the Basic Law. Given the employment of employees of contractors and individual research institutions as external employees in the German federal ministries and known cases of patronage doubts have arisen with regard to the observance of this constitutional requirement. Officials shall be appointed or appointed to an office ( without a contract but by reason of a service and loyalty ratio ). Employees and workers, however, are employed under an employment contract.

Employees in the public service

End of 2005, around 4.6 million people working in Germany in the civil service, the number of employees has been declining for many years.

See also: public sector workers, from: Facts and Figures: The social situation in Germany, online offer of the Federal Agency for Civic Education / bpb (2008)

Tariff policy

Until 2005, were considered for the civil service uniform collective agreements, the most famous was the Federal Employees' Collective Agreement (BAT ). October 1, 2005, this bargaining unit is not on. Now, the collective agreement for the public sector ( TVöD ) is for employees in the federal government and the municipalities effectively.

After 14 - week strike in the public service of the country, the unions Verdi and dbb tarifunion and Tarifgemeinschaft German countries have agreed on a new collective agreement for the public service of the Länder ( TV -L) in Potsdam on 19 May 2006. However, this provides for different working hours from 38.70 to 40.1 hours per week in the countries of Western at a uniform fee schedule. In Hesse since January 1, 2010 shall be the collective agreement for the public service of the State of Hesse (TV -H ) and in Berlin the equalizing collective agreement of 14 October 2010, which both correspond in many parts of the TV -L.

Autonomy of churches

Not directly of public service are the churches. Although these have the status of public authorities, but other rights law applies here because of the constitutionally guaranteed autonomy of churches sometimes (see also Employment of Churches ).

Service law

The Public Service Law referred to the legal matter, which (name in official relations: employer ) the legal framework for the staff and their relationship to the public regulates employer. It is therefore to be regarded as equivalent to labor for other employment. Here, the soldiers right for soldiers and civil service law for tenured staff have formed the special legal configurations. Administrative action is administratively verifiable, eg in the course of supervision proceedings or in administrative court proceedings. The actions of officials and Zeit-/Berufssoldaten can also be penalized by disciplinary regulations.

Austria

People who are in government service ( public servants ), are divided into two groups ( called is the official Austrian Occupation ):

• Officers / officials
• Contract staff