Clausiliidae

Montenegro - door snail ( Montenegrina cattaroensis )

The door snails ( Clausiliidae ) are a family of snails from the subordination of terrestrial snails ( gastropod ). They are characterized by the so-called clausilialen apparatus which allows the animals to close the housing by a movable lid. The oldest representatives of door snails already appear in the Maastrichtian (? Campanian ). The largest specimens of generally rather small forms of this family achieve housing height to about 80 mm. They are widespread with numerous species, especially in southern Europe.

Features

Door snails have a high, tower -shaped set subdued housing into which they can retreat completely. The case mouth has a species-specific expression with numerous folds, the shape and size is critical to the determination. The cabinet surface is mostly smooth, with some species but also finely ribbed or provided with lamellar folds. The housing can be with a special and characteristic of the whole family housing closure, the clausilium closed. It consists of a spoon-shaped limestone slab with an elastic band that slides sideways into the casing when the worm crawls out of its housing. The in nature rather inconspicuous door snails achieve housing lengths of only a few centimeters. Unlike most snails, the housing of the door snails is usually counter-clockwise: the case turns run with a view to the extreme counterclockwise, the housing opening is seen from the front, with overhead top left. The door snail is also referred to as " left turning ".

Distribution and habitat

Door snails are common in many species across Europe, with a particular species richness in southern and eastern Europe can be determined down to the Mediterranean islands. Clausilien are inhabiting country and are among the pulmonate land snails ( Pulmonata ). Preferred locations are warm, humus- rich soils, sometimes even dry locations. Some species live in forests on dead wood.

System

The particular form rich family is divided by H.Nordsieck (2007) in nine subfamilies.

Door snails ( Clausillidae JEGray 1855) Subfamily Alopiinae A.J.Wagner 1913 Genus Agathylla H. & A.Adams 1855 (with two subgenera: A. ( Agathylla ) and A. ( Agathyllina ) H.Nordsieck 1969)
Genus Albinaria Vest 1867 ( includes the former genera Carinigera Moellendorff 1873 Cristataria Vest 1867 Isabellaria Vest 1867 Sericata O.Boettger 1878)
Genus Alopia H. & A.Adams 1855 (with two subgenera: A. ( Alopia ) and A. ( Kimakowiczia ) Szekeres 1969)
Genus Barcania Brandt 1956
Genus Charpentieria Stable 1864 ( with five sub-genera: C. ( Charpentieria ), C. ( Gibbularia ) Monterosato 1908, C. ( Mauritanica ) O.Boettger 1877, C. ( Siciliaria ) Vest in 1867 and C. ( Stigmatica ) O.Boettger 1877 ) Simplon - door snail ( Charpentieria dyodon )

Plaited door snail ( Cochlodina laminata )

Genus Alinda H. & A.Adams 1855 (with two subgenera: A. ( Alinda ) and A. ( Pseudalinda ) O.Boettger 1877)
Genus Balea J.E.Gray 1824 Common door snail ( Balea biplicata )

Genus Clausilia Draparnaud 1805 (with two subgenera: C. ( Clausilia ) and C. ( Strobeliella ) H.Nordsieck 1977)
Genus Erjavecia Brusina 1870
Genus Fusulus Fitzinger 1833 (with two subgenera: F. ( Erjaveciella ) H.Nordsieck 1877 F. ( Fusulus ) )
Genus Graciliaria Bielz 1867
Genus Julica H.Nordsieck 1963
Macrogastra genus Hartmann in 1841 (with three subgenera: M. ( Macrogastra ), M. ( Pseudovestia ) H.Nordsieck 1877 M. ( Pyrostoma ) Vest 1867)
Genus Micridyla H.Nordsieck 1973
Genus Neostyriacus A.J.Wagner 1920
Genus Pseudofusulus H.Nordsieck 1977
Genus ruthenica Lindholm 1924

Genus Garnieria Bourguignat 1877
Genus Grandinenia Minato & Chen 1984
Genus Indonenia Ehrmann 1927
Genus Megalauchenia H.Nordsieck 2007
Genus Neniauchenia H.Nordsieck 2002
Genus Tropidauchenia Lindholm 1924 ( with two subgenera: T. ( Euryauchenia ) H.Nordsieck 2007 T. ( Tropidauchenia ) )

Genus Bofilliella Ehrmann 1927
Genus Neniatlanta Bouguignat 1876

Genus Acrotoma O.Boettger 1881 (with four subgenera: A. ( Acrotoma ), A. ( Acrotomina ) H.Nordsieck 1977, A. ( Bzybia ) H.nordsieck 1977 and A. ( Liana Castel ) Suvorov 2002)
Genus Akramowskia H.Nordsieck 1975
Genus armenica O.Boettger 1877 (with two subgenera: A. ( armenica ) and A. ( Astrogena ) Szekeres 1970)
Genus Bitorquata O.Boettger 1877
Genus Boettgeria O.Boettger 1863 ( with two subgenera: B. ( Boettgeria ) and B. ( Loosjesiella ) Neubert & Groh 1998)
Genus Elijah H. & A.Adams 1855 (with four subgenera E. ( Acroeuxina ) O.Boettger 1877, E. ( Caucasica ) O.Boettger 1877, E. ( Elijah ) and E. ( Megaleuxina ) O.Boettger 1877)
Genus Euxina O.Boettger 1877 (with two subgenera E. ( Euxina ) and E. ( Illunellaria ) Lindholm 1924)
Genus Euxinastra O.Boettger 1888 ( with two subgenera E. ( Euxinastra ) and E. ( Odonteuxina ) H.Nordsieck 1875)
Genus Euxinella H.Nordsieck 1973
Genus Filosa O.Boettger 1877
Genus Galeata O.Boettger 1877
Genus Idyla H. & A.Adams 1855 (with two subgenera: I. ( Idyla ) and I ( Strigilidyla ) H.Nordsieck 1994)
Genus Kazancia Neubert 1992 ( with two subgenera: K. ( Kazancia ) and K. ( Lasica ) Neubert 1995)
Genus Macroptychia O.Boettger 1877
Genus Mentissoidea O.Boettger 1877
Genus Olympicola Hesse 1916
Genus Phrygica H.Nordsieck 1994
Genus Roseniella Thiele 1931 ( with two subgenera: R. ( Chavchetia ) Neubert in 1992 and R. ( Roseniella ) )
Genus Sabaeola Lindholm 1925
Genus Sprattia O.Boettger 1883
Genus Strigileuxina H.Nordsieck 1975
Genus Strumosa O.Boettger 1877
Genus Sumelia H.Nordsieck 1994

Genus Andinia Polinski 1922
Genus Andiniella Weyrauch 1958
Genus Audiniastra H.Nordsieck 2005
Genus Bequaertinenia Weyrauch 1964 ( with two subgenera: B. ( Bequaertinenia ) and B. ( Miranenia ) Grego & Szekeres 2004)
Genus Brevinenia Neubert & H.Nordsieck 2005
Genus Columbinia Polinski 1924 ( with three subgenera: C. ( Columbinia ) and C. ( Paranenia ) Rehder 1939, C. ( Steatonenia ) Pilsbry 1926)
Genus Cyclonenia H.Nordsieck 1999
Genus Cylindronenia Ehrmann Pilsbry in 1949 (with two subgenera: C. ( Cylindronenia ) and C. ( Cylindroneniella ) H.Nordsieck 2007)
Genus Ehrmanniella Zilch 1949
Genus Gonionenia Pilsbry 1926
Genus Gracilinenia Polinski 1922
Genus Hemicena Pilsbry 1949
Genus Incaglaia Pilsbry 1949 (with two subgenera: I. ( Gibbonenia ) Zilch 1954 and I. ( Incaglaia ) )
Genus Incania Polinski 1922
Genus Leuconenia H.Nordsieck 2005
Genus Nenia H. & A.Adams 1855
Genus Neniaptyx H.Nordsieck 2007
Genus Neniatracta Pilsbry 1926
Genus Neniella Grego & Sekereš 2004
Genus Neniops Pilsbry 1926
Genus Nenisca Rehder 1939
Genus Parabalea Ancey 1882
Genus Peruinia Polinski 1922
Genus Pfeifferiella Weyrauch 1957
Genus Pseudogracilinenia Loosjes & Loosjes -van Bemmel 1984
Genus Steeriana Jousseaume 1900
Genus Symptychiella H.Nordsieck 1999 ( with two subgenera: p ( Divnenia ) H.Nordsieck 2005 S. ( Symptychiella ) )
Genus Temesa H. & A.Adams 1855
Genus Zilchiella Weyrauch 1957

Genus Acanthophaedusa H.Nordsieck 2007
Genus Bathyptychia Lindholm 1925 ( with three subgenera: B. ( Bathyptychia ), B. ( Brachyptychia ) H.Nordsieck 2001 and B. ( Strictiphaedusa ) H.Nordsieck 2001)
Genus Celsiphaedusa H.Nordsieck 2001
Genus Cylindrophaedusa O.Boettger 1877 (with two subgenera: C. ( Cylindrophaedusa ) and C. ( Montiphaedusa ) H.Nordsieck 2002)
Genus Dautzenbergiella Lindholm 1924 ( with two subgenera: D. ( Dautzenbergiella ) and D. ( Mansuyiella ) H.Nordsieck 2003)
Genus Diceratoptyx Pilsbry 1905
Genus Euphaedusa O.Boettger 1877 ( with five subgenera E. ( Dentiphaedusa ) H.Nordsieck 2003, E. ( Euphaedusa ), E. ( Papilliphaedusa ) H.Nordsieck 2003, E. ( Tauphaedusa ) H.Nordsieck 2003 and E. ( Telophaedusa ) H. Nordsieck 2003)
Genus Fuchsiana Gredler 1887
Genus Hemiphaedusa O.Boettger 1877 ( with ten subgenera H. ( Dendrophaedusa ) H.Nordsieck 2002 H. ( Hemiphaedusa ), H. ( Hemiphaedusoides ) H.Nordsieck 2001, H. ( Hemizaptyx ) Pilsbry 1905, H. ( Labyrinthiphaedusa ) H.Nordsieck 2001, H. ( Margaritiphaedusa ) H.Nordsieck 2001, H. ( Notoptychia ) 1927 Ehrmann, H. ( Pinguiphaedusa ) 1982 Azuma, H. ( Placeophaedusa ) Minato and H. 1994 ( Selenophaedusa ) Lindholm 1924)
Genus Heterozaptyx Pilsbry 1906
Genus Juttingia Loosjes 1965 (with two subgenera: J. ( Juttingia ) and J. ( Pseudohemiphaedusa ) H.Nordsieck 2002)
Genus Leptacme Ehrmann 1927
Genus Lindholmiella Ehrmann 1927
Genus Liparophaedusa Lindholm 1924
Genus Loosjesia H.Nordsieck 2002
Genus Luchuphaedusa Pilsbry 1901 ( with two subgenera L. ( Luchuphaedusa ) and L. ( Nesiophaedusa ) Pilsbry 1905)
Genus Macrophaedusa Moellendorff 1883
Genus Macrophaedusella H.Nordsieck 2001
Genus Megalophaedusa O.Boettger 1877 (with four subgenera: M. ( Meglophaedusa ), O. ( Mesophaedusa ) Ehrmann 1929, O. ( Mesozaptyx ) Kuroda 1963, O. ( Mundiphaedusa ) Minato 1979)
Genus Metazaptyx Pilsbry 1905
Genus Miraphaedusa H.Nordsieck 2005
Genus Oligozaptx Pilsbry 1905
Genus Oospira Blanford 1872 ( with five sub- genera: O. ( Atractophaedusa ) 1927 Ehrmann, O. ( formosana ) O.Boettger 1877, O. ( Formosanella ) H.Nordsieck 2003, O. ( Oospira ), O. ( Paraformosella ) H. Nordsieck 2003 and O. ( Siphonophaedusa ) Lindholm 1924)
Genus Paraphedusa O.Boettger 1877
Genus Parazaptyx Pilsbry 1905
Genus Phaedusa H. & A.Adams 1855 (with four subgenera: P. ( Metaphaedusa ) H.Nordsieck 2001, P. ( Phaedusa ), P. ( Pseudophaedusa ) Tomiyama 1984 and P. ( Stereophaedusa ) O.Boettger 1877)
Genus Pliciphaedusa H.Nordsieck 1998
Genus Pulchraptyx Minato 1981
Genus Reinia Kobelt 1876 ( with three subgenera R. ( Parareinia ) H.Nordsieck 1998, R. ( Pictophaedusa ) Azuma 1982, R. ( Reinia ) )
Genus Renschiphaedusa Loosjes & Loosjes -van Bemmel 1973
Genus Selenoptyx Pilsbry 1908
Genus Serriphaedusa H.Nordsieck 2001
Genus Sinigena Lindholm 1925
Genus Stereozaptyx Pilsbry 1905
Genus Streptodera Lindholm 1925
Genus Synprosphyma Germain, 1919 ( with two subgenera: p ( Excussispira ) Lindholm, 1925, p ( Synprosphyma ) )
Genus Thaumatoptyx Pilsbry 1908
Genus Tyrannophaedusa Pilsbry 1901 ( with two subgenera: T. ( Aulacophaedusa ) Azuma 1982, T. ( Tyrannophaedusa ) )
Genus Tyrannozaptyx Käufel 1930
Genus Zaptychopsis Ehrmann 1927
Genus Zaptyx Pilsbry 1901 ( with two subgenera: Z. ( Prozaptyx ) Loosjes 1950 and Z. ( Zaptyx ) )

Genus Caspiophaedusa Lindholm 1924
Genus Dobatia H.Nordsieck 1973
Genus Graecophaedusa Rähle 1982
Genus Laeviphaedusa Likharev & Stelkov 1965
Genus Microphaedusa H.Nordsieck 1978
Genus Nothoserrulina Németh & Szekeres 1995
Genus Pamphylica Németh & Szekeres 1995
Genus Pravispira Lindholm 1924
Genus Pontophaedusa Lindholm 1924
Genus Pontophaedusella H.Nordsieck 1994
Genus Sciocochlea C.Boettger 1935
Genus Serrulina Mousson in 1873 (with two subgenera: p ( Serrulina ) and p ( Truncatophaedusa ) Majoros, Németh & Szili - Kovacz 1994)
Genus Serrulinella H.Nordsieck 1984
Genus Tsoukatosia Gittenberger 2000 (with two subgenera: T. ( Agiosspeleikos ) A. & P.Reischütz 2003 and T. ( Tsoukatosia ) )

Footnotes

Heterobranchia Stylommatophora 2009

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