Cleistes

Cleistes libonii

Cleistes is a genus of the orchid family ( Orchidaceae). It contains more than sixty species of herbaceous plants that are native to tropical America.

Description

The species of the genus are terrestrial Cleistes growing plants. The roots are slender and fibrous, they form root nodules. The shoot is upright and hollow. He wears one to several leaves. These are sessile, comprehensive, fleshy, oval-shaped with the base of the stem to lanceolate.

The terminal inflorescence is a cluster of two to six, sometimes only one flower. The flowers are in the axils of leaves leaf -like bracts. The flowers are 'upside down relatively large, the color is white, pink or reddish brown. The three sepals are fused together and narrow lanceolate. The petals same about the sepals, but they are usually textured slightly wider and thinner. You face forward and form a corolla tube above the column. The lip is free, articulated quoting to the column, simple or indistinctly three-lobed. At the transition to the column there are two glandular calluses, along the leaf blade usually run lofty ridges and darker colored veins. The column is elongated and club-shaped. The clearly stalked, opposite the column axis down curved stamen is like a hood surrounded by tissue of the column ( Klinandrium ), side makes this two toothed appendages. The stamen contains the pollen into two chambers, the loose as individual pollen grains ( monads ) or four pollen grains ( tetrads ) is present.

The flowers produce nectar, have been observed in some species, bees and bumble bees as pollinators.

Occurrence

Cleistes is widespread in tropical America. From Costa Rica and Panama in the north of the range extends to Argentina and Uruguay in the south. Most species occur in Brazil. One or two species are native to the southeastern United States, however, these are closer to other North American genera used as the South American part of the genus Cleistes.

The sites are usually at the edge of forests or savannahs, the climate is moist during the growing period, but has usually a distinct dry season on. Often populated soils are sandy and acidic. Only a few species colonize higher altitudes.

Systematics and botanical history

Cleistes is classified within the subfamily Vanilloideae in the tribe Pogonieae. The majority of the species, the South American species form a monophyletic group, while the North American plants are more closely related Isotria and Pogonia. Pansarin and de Barros, 2008, the proposed spin-off of a new genus, Cleistesiopsis before.

Cleistes was first described in 1818 by Louis Claude Richard. The name comes from the Greek Cleistes κλειστός kleistos, "closed", and refers to the non- wide-open flowers. Type species is Cleistes grandiflora.

The species of the genus Cleistes:

  • Cleistes acuminata Schltr.
  • Cleistes australis Schltr.
  • Cleistes batistana Pansarin & F.Barros
  • Cleistes bella Rchb.f. & Hot.
  • Cleistes brasiliensis ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes Calantha ( Schltr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes caloptera Rchb.f. & Hot.
  • Cleistes carautae Toscano & Léoni
  • Cleistes costaricensis Christenson
  • Cleistes elegantula ( Schltr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes elongata Pansarin & F.Barros
  • Cleistes fragrans ( Schltr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes grandiflora ( Aubl. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes huberi Carnevali & I.Ramírez
  • Cleistes humidicola ( Schltr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes itatiaiae Pabst
  • Cleistes latipetala ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes lepida ( Rchb.f. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes libonii ( Rchb.f. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes liliastrum Rchb.f.
  • Cleistes macrantha ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes magnifica ( Schltr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes mantiqueirae Rchb.f. & Hot.
  • Cleistes metal lina ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes miersii Gardner
  • Cleistes monantha ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes montana Gardner
  • Cleistes moritzii ( Rchb.f. ) Garay & Dunst.
  • Cleistes nana ( Schltr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes paludosa Rchb.f.
  • Cleistes paranaensis ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes parviflora Lindl.
  • Cleistes paulensis ( Schltr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes pluriflora ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes pusilla Pansarin
  • Cleistes quad rica llosa ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes ramboi Pabst
  • Cleistes revoluta ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes rodeiensis ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes rodriguesii ( Cogn. ) Campacci
  • Cleistes rosea Lindl.
  • Cleistes speciosa Gardner
  • Cleistes strangii Pabst
  • Cleistes stricta ( C.Schweinf. ) Garay & Dunst.
  • Cleistes tamboana Dodson & Carnevali
  • Cleistes tenuis ( Rchb.f. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes triflora ( C.Schweinf. ) Carnevali & I.Ramírez
  • Cleistes uliginosa Pabst
  • Cleistes unguiculata ( Rchb.f. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes unifoliata ( C.Schweinf. ) Carnevali & I.Ramírez
  • Cleistes vargasii ( C.Schweinf. ) Medley
  • Cleistes venusta ( Schltr. ) Schltr.
  • Cleistes vinosa ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.

Documents

The information in this article come from mainly:

  • Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae ( Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae ). In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (eds.): Flora of Ecuador. 9, 1978, ISSN 0347-8742, p 40
  • Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase and Finn Rasmussen ( ed.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae. 3/2, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9, pp. 286-289.

Furthermore, quoting:

Postgraduate

  • List of Orchid Genera
  • Orchids
  • Orchidaceae
Resupination Labellum (botany) Pogonia (orchid) Digital Object Identifier List of natural Orchidaceae genera
194316
de