Clematis vitalba

Ordinary Clematis (Clematis vitalba ), illustration

The Ordinary Clematis (Clematis vitalba ) is a plant of the genus Clematis (Clematis ). It is also known as True or Common Clematis, in Austria it is also called Lüln, Lün, Lian, Ulischwidn, Waschl, Liasch, in Swiss German the term NIELE is common.

Appearance

The plant, which is ranked among the vines, has woody, climbing shoot axes, which can reach a diameter of up to 6 cm. The plant climbs on trees up to a height of between one and ten meters up. The stems and pinnate leaves and stem of the leaves stems act as tendrils. The flowers smell unpleasant, similar to the Hawthorns. The tepals are white tomentose on both sides. The plant is poisonous by protoanemonin. In the seed formation hairy stamp remain and serve when the fruits are ripe when flying machine.

Blooms from July to September.

Impact on host plant

The Clematis can damage the plants covered by their weight and light sentence of up to die.

Occurrence

The pioneer plant prefers fresh to moist, light deciduous woods and thickets, especially riparian forests, forest edges. It is considered a nitrogen indicator. In Austria it is very common in all provinces.

Main distribution according to Oberdorfer: submediterran - subatlantisch ( sub-Mediterranean, which also occurs in the coastal regions species)

Ecology

The Ordinary clematis is a deciduous climbing shrub ( Liane ). The stems can reach arm strength and get their tensile strength by a central Supporting Tissues. Characteristic features are the large vessels ( xylem ) of the wood part. The plant is a links Winder and petiole climber ie the first permanent ( and woody ) leaf stems and spindles embrace after touching their supports. Very similar to the vine develops as an adaptation to the torsional loading a Streifenborke. The roots form a symbiosis with fungi, but no fruiting bodies form (VA -mycorrhiza ).

The flowers are vorweibliche " disk flowers " or "brush flower " and are in cymes. The perianth is a simple perianth. In addition to pollen also a tough nectar allegedly produced at the base of the stamens. Amines as ( fishy smelling ) fragrances attract Fly and Beetle. The flowers are also often less frequently visited by honey bees, wild bees. Blooms from July to September.

The flower gives rise to numerous nutlets. The tail -like extended, long haired stylus serve as flight organ; it is therefore present a spring tail plane. To spread but strong winds are just as necessary as the hygroscopic and thus projecting only in dry hair of the stylus. When wet Velcro propagation takes place as water Bad or even spread on the ground Bohrfrucht. Some fruits also be spread out so that they are used by birds for nesting; in this case is random spreading. Fruit ripening starts in September, but is completed only in the winter months. The fruits remain over winter, because they can be blown away mostly only when the strong winds in the spring. The long-lived seeds are cold to germinate.

Ecological indicator values

The ecological indicator values ​​according to Ellenberg for Clematis vitalba are:

  • L7 half-light plant
  • T6 heat - default pointer to heat
  • K3 oceanic to sub-oceanic
  • F5 Fresh pointer
  • R7 weak acid to weak base pointer
  • N7 likely to nitrogen- rich sites
  • S0 not salt ertragend
  • Leb Phanerophyt, Liane summer green,
  • Soz Prunetalia

Toxicology

The plant is poisonous by protoanemonin. The sap is irritating to the skin and leads to the formation of bubbles. In the Middle Ages beggars disfigured her skin with the vegetable juice to excite compassion by their appearance and to promote the generosity of the citizens. Therefore they called the plant at that time " dodder ".

Others

In Austria, old dry stems are often lit by children and smoked as " Lianentschick " or " Waldtschick " ( fags = cigarettes ( n)). In Switzerland, the same behavior is also known as " Niele - smoker ".

Pictures

C. vitalba :: flowers

C. vitalba: Samenstand

Clematis vitalba: branches, leaves and flowers

Suffocation of other plants by invasive growth of Clematis vitalba

Woody main stem axis of an elderly individual

Vessel element
193415
de