Climb

Of the ascent, the phase of the flight, in which a height gain is achieved. The increase in height per unit time is called the rate of climb. This shows the variometer in the cockpit in the unit " feet per minute " ( fpm), " node " (kts ) or "m / s" to.

Flight maneuvers

The typically climb immediately following the start (except gliders, etc.). Commercial aircraft swing only from a minimum height of 500 feet above ground on the price of the departure procedure. For most airports there is similar to the approach procedure and standardized departure procedures, the so-called standard instrument departure routes, short SIDs that require navigation under instrument flight rules. At the request of pilots or air traffic controllers of departure can also be done by sight.

Climb in other flight maneuvers:

  • Adjusting the cruising altitude ( cruise climb, step climb )
  • Dodge on collision course
  • Near the ground contours flight
  • Aerobatics, air combat
  • Reacting speed to altitude when reaching thermals, see Chandelle
  • Height gain in thermals

Physical Aspects

During a dynamic lift is generated climb that is greater than the weight of the aircraft. For fixed wing aircraft ( fixed-wing aircraft ), a larger angle of attack of the wing is necessary for this purpose temporarily, as during horizontal flight. During the steady climb of the required buoyancy is then somewhat smaller than in horizontal flight, as the engine thrust bearing a portion of the weight. In extreme cases, the vertical ascent of the thrust carries the machine alone. A temporarily reduced buoyancy finished the climb, particularly impressive is the effect of parabolic flight.

Angle: The optimal angle of attack is the same as for Min sink.

Energy: The climb can kinetic energy be converted into potential energy, the aircraft rises as it slowly. This is also true for helicopters.

Power: For a continuous ( without acceleration ) climb an increased drive power is required. Since the entire Maximum drive power is dissipated by air resistance, it achieves high rates of climb only at relatively low speeds. This also applies to gliders in thermal or ridge lift. The climb performance ( maximum climb rate regardless of thermals ) characterizes motorized aircraft. Your corresponds to the least decline in Gleitfliegern. The speed at which the maximum rate of climb is achieved is Vy. It decreases with increasing altitude. The height dependence is due to the reduced density of the air, which affects buoyancy, engine power and thrust.

Angle of climb: At even lower speed climb rate decreases again. First, only a little, so that the angle of climb is still increasing. It depends on the type of aircraft, if the maximum angle of climb with or without buoyancy aids is achieved. The corresponding velocity is, Vx and increases with altitude. For aircraft that are capable of a vertical ascent, this information is useful only from a height at which they no longer have that ability.

The same applies to the minimum speed at which it can keep the aircraft in the air (horizontal flying). In the peak height all these speeds are the same. Both at higher and at lower speeds the aircraft sinks.

Risks in the climb

Due to the low climb speed and high angle of attack is the risk of stall with loss of control of the flight attitude. In turbulent air ( wake vortex of a preceding aircraft flying, clear air turbulence, clouds fly through ) the angle of attack, which increases the risk varies. The pilot must be aware that the critical stall speed increases with overload, in turning flight and icing.

Also bird strike represents a risk for rapid aircraft in climb, as long as the aircraft is at an altitude that use large birds.

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