Clostridiaceae

Clostridium botulinum

Clostridiaceae are a family of bacteria. The name is derived from the Greek word closter, which translates as "little screw " means and refers to the cell shape of these bacteria. In the genus Clostridium some important pathogenic species are present.

Features

The cells are rod-shaped or coccoid, such as cells of Sarcina. Most species are obligate anaerobic, ie they tolerate no oxygen in their environment. Metabolism is usually the fermentation. The species to be formed in generally able endospores to survive adverse environmental conditions. Although the family is one of the gram-positive bacteria, Gram - test falls in some species, especially in thermophilic (heat- loving), negative. An example of this is the type Caloramator indicus, the optimum growth temperature is in this way between 60 and 65 ° C. There are movable by flagella types, as well as immobile (eg Sarcina ) available. Moving species of Clostridium, Caminicella, Natronincola and Anoxynatronum are peritrisch ( all sides ) flagellated, Thermohalobacter and Tindallia are flagellated side.

Ecology

The ecology of this group is very diverse. There are thermophilic (heat -loving) species present, such as Caloramator. Some species are also psychrophilic, ie cold -loving. Examples include Clostridium and Clostridium psychrophilum gasigenes. The ability to form endospores and thus to survive poor living conditions makes them well- pervasive. The habitats include, inter alia, waste water, fresh water, marine sediments, salt lakes, feces, and the habitat in and around the bodies of animals, including humans.

Some species are important pathogens, such as Clostridium tetani, the cause of the dangerous tetanus spasm. Clostridium acetobutylicum is of biotechnological importance for the production of solvents.

System

The systematics of Clostridiaceae defeated by the now commonly used phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene in the last few years significant changes. Some previously conducted in the genus Clostridia species were assigned to other genera, some of which are performed in other families or even orders. For example, the species Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum was to the genus Clostridium thermoaceticum Thermaoanaerobacterium and to the genus mud screen provided. Both genera belong to the family Thermoanaerobacteraceae the order Thermoanaerobacterales.

A selection of genres, which are set to the family ( state 2014):

  • Alkaliphilus Takai et al. 2001 emend. Wu et al. 2010
  • Anaerobacter Duda et al. 1996
  • Anaerosalibacter Rezgui et al. 2012
  • Anaerosporobacter Jeong et al. 2007
  • Anoxynatronum Garnova et al. 2003
  • Brassicibacter Fang et al. 2012
  • Butyricicoccus Eeckhaut et al. 2008
  • Caloramator Collins et al. 1994 emend. Ogg and Patel 2011
  • Caloranaerobacter Wery et al. 2001
  • Caminicella Alain et al. 2002
  • Cellulosibacter Watthanalamloet et al. 2012
  • Clostridiisalibacter Liebgott et al. 2008
  • Clostridium Prazmowski 1880
  • Natronincola Zhilina et al. 1999
  • Oxobacter Collins et al. 1994
  • Saccharofermentans Chen et al. 2010
  • Sarcina Goodsir 1842
  • Sporosalibacterium Rezgui et al. 2011
  • Tepidimicrobium Slobodkin et al. 2006 emend. Niu et al. 2009
  • Thermobrachium Engle et al. 1996
  • Thermohalobacter Cayol et al. 2000
  • Thermotalea Ogg and Patel 2009
  • Tindallia Kevbrin et al. 1999

Most genera each containing only one kind (eg Brassicibacter mesophilus or Caminicella sporogenes ).

Firmicutes Sarcina (genus)
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