Coal India
Coal India Limited is an Indian mining company and the world's largest producer of coal. The headquarters of the state-controlled company founded in 1975 and is located in Kolkata, 2011, the Company employed approximately 375,000 people and generated net income of 147.88 billion rupees.
History
After the independence of India wanted to improve in the first five-year plan in the early 1950s, coal production, and merge smaller production units. That was the beginning for a nationally -controlled coal sector, the National Coal Development Corporation initially with eleven mines was established to further coal resources to find and dismantle. The early 1970s was followed by the nationalization of nearly all coal mines of India in two steps, only the corporations IISCO, TISCO and DVC were ausgenonommen it. In May 1972, except for some all 226 mines were nationalized to coke ovens and the Bharat Coking Coal Limited founded as an owner, for May 1973, all 711 normal coal mines were nationalized and the Coal Mines Authority Limited established as the owner. As a holding company for both companies was established in November 1975, the Coal India Limited ( CIL), the subsidiary Bharat Coking Coal Limited ( BCCL ), Central Coalfields Limited ( CCL), Eastern Coalfields Limited ( ECL ), Western Coalfields Limited ( WCL ) and Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited ( CMPDIL ).
20th century
In the late 1970s, the company changed its financial orientation, before they had taken neither a profit nor a loss to generate, immediately began to work for profit. In the early 1980s exceeded coal production of Coal India for the first time 100 million tons, at the same time expanded it and founded in 1985 two more subsidiaries, Northern Coalfields Limited ( NCL) and the South Eastern Coalfields Limited ( SECL ) took over the mines from the other subsidiary CCL and WCL. From the 1990s onwards Coal India began to generate a bigger profit in fiscal 1992 earned 1.67 billion rupees one and produced 200 million tons of coal. 1992 the last date subsidiary was founded, the Mahanadi Coalfields Limited ( MCL). In the late 1990s, the company continued to grow and multiplied his winnings, 1996, there were 6.116 billion rupees.
After 2000
2003 exceeded the annual production of 300 million tons of coal first. The company built its debts from the profits, these decreased as a percentage of the assets of 66 % in 2001 to 10 % in 2006. Produced in 2008 to 400 million tons of coal, the Indian government awarded the company the same year the Navratna status. Thanks to this, the company can act more freely and take decisions. In 2009 they founded the Coal India Africana Limitada, a subsidiary in Mozambique. In November 2010, the state of India sold 10% of the company, which went to the Bombay Stock Exchange. There one was taken in August 2011 in the benchmark index BSE Sensex. In April 2011, the Government of India Coal India conferred the Maharatna status, this was created to provide from large national corporations internationally active global player.
Amounts of coal
The funded amounts of coal between 2007 and 2011 in tons.
Criticism
2012 Coalgate scandal broke in India, to the mining rights between 2004 and 2009 have been awarded to 155 coal mines without a public tender. According to estimates by the Court of Auditors the Indian state created by losses in the amount of 207 billion U.S. dollars. The former coal minister and current Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh, is said to have large companies preferred, and contrary to the reason for the sales, to increase the energy supply of the population, there has been no reduction in most mines.
Coal India in 2013 was nominated for the Public Eye Award. The nomination was denounced that the company areas where large mammals live destroyed and the native tribal peoples distributes from their ancestral lands, they must then live in deep poverty. Another reason was the many accidents at work, 2010, there were 205 deaths and 699 seriously injured workers in the mines of Coal India.