Colonia del Sacramento

Colonia del Sacramento on the map of Uruguay

Colonia del Sacramento is a location on the Río de la Plata town in Uruguay.

It is the capital of the department of Colonia. Colonia del Sacramento is the oldest city in Uruguay, its old town was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History

Colonia del Sacramento was founded in the last days of January 1680 by Don Manuel Lobo, Governor of Rio de Janeiro, on behalf of the Prince Regent Pedro II of Portugal. Pedro II wanted to create on the coast of the Río de la Plata a bridgehead for the defense of his kingdom.

On January 20, 1680 Don Lobo arrived at Colonia del Sacramento offshore island of San Gabriel by ship and occupied the important strategic point for the Portuguese Empire. It was first erected on the mainland a church and a fort. The Spanish government in Buenos Aires under the command of Don José de Garro attacked the fort at Colonia del Sacramento and occupied it.

On May 7, 1681 " por el Tratado de Lisboa Provisional " Colonia del Sacramento was returned to the Portuguese. From 1705 to 1715, Colonia del Sacramento was named No Man's Land, and was subordinate to the Governor Alonso de Valdés Inclan in Buenos Aires command.

On April 11, 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht was signed and reduced the Spanish influence in South America dramatically. On November 4, 1715 Governor Manuel Goméz Barboza was of the Spanish Province government in Buenos Aires used and ruled until 1722. In 1718 there were in Colonia del Sacramento 1400 inhabitants, including slaves and Indians.

On March 14, 1722 Portuguese governor Vasconcellos took control of the city and it became a lively bustle. Colonia del Sacramento flourished and culture and trade were expanded. In January 1730 the first theater was built on Uruguayan soil and inaugurated with the first performance of Las Armas De La Hermosura by Pedro Calderón de la Barca.

In 1735 the city was again occupied by Spanish troops and the governor Pedro de Vasconcellos was deposed on 16 September in 1737. The port of Colonia del Sacramento was expanded and acquired thereby a key role in trade with the neighboring countries in South America.

During the tenure Pedro de Vasconcellos ' were in the port of Colonia in some cases up to 50 ships under different flags, the contraband transported in the Viceroyalty of Peru.

In 1756 the War Guerra de los siete años began between Portugal and Spain and in 1762 was again attacked Colonia del Sacramento by the Spanish general Pedro de Cevallos. Days later bombed British warships from the Río de la Plata from Colonia. It was sunk in the English frigate " Lord Clive " in the counter-attack.

In the Treaty of Paris on January 13, 1763 Colonia came back in Portuguese hands and remained there until 1777., The city was rebuilt.

On October 1, 1777 Rights of the Portuguese were ceded to the Spaniards. On March 5, 1807 British occupied the city until the end of August. During this time, the Uruguayan José Gervasio Artigas national hero came with like-minded people in power and in the Revolución del Mayo took over this group to 2 February 1811 command.

From 1822 to 1826 Portugal was once again the ruler, but the Argentine army attacked the city under the leadership of General Almirante Brown again. On December 2, 1828 was the Colonia Fuerzas Orientales passed pursuant to the Treaty Convención Preliminar de la Paz. The support of the British, the transport of slaves and contraband goods gave the city a privileged position.

In 1845, during the Guerra Grande by José Garibaldi, Colonia and the Isla Martin Garcia were busy. 1848 Colonia was attacked by Manuel Oribe (2nd President of Uruguay ) with his troops and policy directions have been defined. In the Colonias the Banda Oriental was formed, which later. Uruguay in the first parties that Blancas y Coloradas, segregating, which often featured the Government

By Decree No.618 of 10 October 1968 set by the government a far-reaching conservation and restoration of the colonial city core.

In December 1995, the old town of Colonia del Sacramento by UNESCO was declared a World Heritage Site.

Infrastructure

Education

Colonia has two secondary schools ( Liceo ). These are founded in 1912 Liceo N º 1 Departamental " Prof. Juan L. Perrou " and has existed since 2004 Liceo N º 2 Real de San Carlos.

Culture and sights

Colonia is home to several museums. These are the Portuguese Museum, the Spanish museum, the museum of colonial tiles ( azulejos ) with the plan of the city of Colonia in 1762 and that of the indigenous people of the region Museum ( Indians).

Additional points of interest and major buildings in Colonia are:

  • The old city gate
  • The old bastion (Fort )
  • The old lighthouse, which was begun and interrupted by the Guerra Grande in 1845 completed until 1857.
  • The monastery ruins of San Francisco Xavier
  • The regional archive
  • The church Matriz Santísimo Sacramento
  • The old house of the commander of C. Brigadier General Juan Antonio Lavalleja
  • An original structure house ( Casa de Nacarello or popularly Casa Rosada ) from the time of the Portuguese from 1750
  • La Calle de los suspiros with beautifully restored old houses
  • The small church " Iglesia de Benito " from 1761
  • The bullring " Plaza de Toros "; the first bullfight was on January 9, 1910

Sports

Colonia has the Estadio Suppici a 12,000 spectators comprehensive stadium where the football team plays its home games Plaza Colonia. In the 2011/12 season, the club plays in the second division of Uruguay, the Segunda División.

Traffic

Colonia del Sacramento is located 177 km west of the capital, Montevideo, numerous buses on the coastal road between the two cities. The harbor is also important for Colonia, as it is the Buenos Aires closest Uruguayan city. Several ferries daily connect the two cities. Since the direct connection from Montevideo to Buenos Aires is much more expensive, many people make in order to save money, going through Colonia del Sacramento and visit before going on the historic old town. Plans for a bridge over the wide estuary Río de la Plata, which would connect the city with Buenos Aires, there seem to be not realized in the near future. Moreover, Colonia del Sacramento has the Aeropuerto Internacional de Laguna de los Patos its own airport.

Population

2011, the city had 26.231 inhabitants, of which 12,643 male and 13,588 female.

Source:

Sons and daughters of the town

  • Fernando Cardani (* 1940), actor and theater director
Departments of Uruguay Colonia Department Peter II of Portugal Giuseppe Garibaldi Colonia Airport
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