Comacine masters

The magistri Comacini (also Comacini, Commacini, Comancini, maestri comacini or Comasken called ) were privileged Lombard builders ( builders ), masons and architects who were originally native lake in the region of Como and Lake Como, and because of their special skill from there as wandering artisans also took orders in remote areas of northern Italy or beyond the Alps.

The name derives from the Latin adjective Comacinus " to Como, to the region of Como, Lake Como belonging ", which is occupied in Latin sources from the 3rd century. That the name of Comacina Island in Lake Como is directly related, can not be proved, despite some evidence of building activity at this time and again used as a fastening in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages the island. The construction crews of Comacini were under the direction of masters ( magistri ) and were well organized cooperative, as can be inferred from a provision of the Edict of the Lombard Rothari, which is attested for the year 643. The Edictus Rothari Regis regulates in Chapters 144 and 145 of the responsibilities between master and client for accidents and damage during construction. In this case, the employees of the master are mentioned ( his companions and comrades ) as colle intricately designed or consortes. In a provision of Lombard law ( Memoratorium de mercedes Comacinorum " Wish Book for the payment of Comacini "), which the kings Grimwood ( 662-671 ) or Liutprand ( 712-744 ) is credited with the prices of individual bauhandwerklicher services and meals are the builders set. The attention paid to the magistri Comacini meted out the right of the Lombards, is evidence of the great importance which they had obviously reached by special technical skill and high level of skill. Until the 12th century, now as Comasken, coveted and valued they are far beyond the borders of Lombardy also an excellent stone masons and builders.

In this Lombard Kingdom ( 568-774 ), the last Germanic kingdom on Roman soil, to a separate architectural style began to emerge that linked the Roman architecture with Germanic ideas that deal with the typical band and Flechtornamenten Lombardy with the Nordic-Germanic deities connected.

Romanesque

This Alfred Schottner so-called " Baur Otten ", which are considered the first migrant construction workers were involved mainly between 1050 to 1150 on numerous buildings outside of Italy, be called the Romanesque Dome of Freising, king Lutter, Mainz, Quedlinburg, Regensburg and Speyer, and churches in Straubing, Schongau, Augsburg, Austria churches Millstatt ( 1080 ), Gurk ( 1140 ), Nonnberg (12th century), Michel Beuren (1200) and Kremsmuenster (1250 ) as well as in Switzerland, the Münster to Basel, Chur and Zurich. A written record of the workings of the Comasken is known from a dispute to a wage payment between Regensburg clergy and Como builders, otherwise serves as proof of their administration the measure used for buildings of 43.6 cm, the after King Liutprand " piede Liprando " named is.

At the Cathedral of King Lutter (begun in 1135 ), as suspected Martin Gosebruch, worked the Comacini and especially the Lombard architect Nicolaus of Verona: "We understand and appreciate now more precisely what was the act this from Emilia fetched to Saxony architect - sculptor. From nordabendländischer condition and northern Italy innovation he has created the one of his works: the simple half- round body the choir ( and ) passing far to the front porches with columns supported by lions. " After Alfred Schottner the Comacini migrated from the 11th to the 13th century to Hungary, England and Sweden. The hikes are associated with the " Zenokult ", a worship of Bishop Zeno of Verona, alleging they followed the ways of Zenos. Schottner quoted Karl Hoede, which states that " the Alpine cooperatives of the Masters of Como prototype and precursor ( ... ) for the masons of stone masons in the middle ages " should have been.

Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque north of the Alps

Mid-16th century called the Roman empire Surveyors for its building plans in Vienna, some magistri Comacini settled on the Leitha Mountains. The stone which they sought and found there was, the best known of them at home, a hard to very hard white, but sometimes yellowish colored limestone, known as Emperor stone which was referred to in many Steinmetz contracts and invoices as marble stones. The Schweizerhofbrunnen of 1552 in the Vienna Hofburg, by Pietro Solari, is the first visible sign of their presence. Is from the new quarry at Leythaberg Ihro Kayser Lichen Majesty quarry, so, valid until today Kaisersteinbruch. These masters are found in art guides, their relation to Kaisersteinbruch mostly unknown. Some names: Guard Soni, Solari, Murato Tencalla, de Magistris, Maderno, Ruffini, Dungannon, the brothers Alexius and Elias Payos, Ambrose and Domenicus Petruzzy, Ambrose and Giorgio Regondi and their descendants, Ambrose Ferrethi, Retacco, Giovanni Battista Passerini, Allio Francesco della Torre together with their son Giovanni Pietro della Torre, and Martin Trumler and his sons Franz and Maximilian. Influences their art are, for example, in Spain, Western France, demonstrated on the Rhine, even in Lund. As later descendants of Comasken architects and sculptors still considered the 17th and 18th centuries such as Francesco Borromini ( 1599-1667 ).

In South Tyrol, the Comacini are also referred to as Comancini.