Comitative case

The comitative ( companion case, from the Latin comes " companion " ) or Soziativ (from Latin socius " companion ") is a case and therefore belongs to the declination. It marks an action participants, which occurs in the company of another. He therefore corresponds to the German a construction with the preposition " (together) with ". As an independent case he comes under the name " comitative " in the Finno-Ugric languages ​​( and others, Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian ), the Basque and Sumerian and by the name " Soziativ " in several Dravidian languages ​​( and others Tamil, Malayalam ) ago.

Examples

  • Basque: lagunarekin "with the friend," lagunekin " with friends "
  • Estonian minuga " with me," majaga "with the house," majadega " with the houses "
  • Finnish: ystävinenne " with your friends "; the comitative is rarely used in Finnish, and can be used only in the plural with possessivpronominalen endings. In everyday language, the postposition kanssa is used instead.
  • Mari: книгаште knigašte "with a / the book '
  • Portuguese: The Portuguese language is the comitative been studied relatively little, as many grammarians assign it to a different semantic function, such Ex. Objeto Indireto (indirect indirect object ) or Adjunto adverbial (accompanying attribute). Nevertheless, the term for such a verbal complement as Caso Comitativo ( Casus comitative ) is highly recommended. Examples: conosco " with us," com o presidente "with the president."
  • Northern Sami: mánáin "with the child," mánáiguin " with the children "; the lexeme gu ( if) i = comrade, has been " grammaticalized " to Grammem ( grammatical element ) of Komitativkennung.
  • Sumerian lu dam = ani = da mu nda gene - Ø (man spouse / in = 3.Pers.Possessiv = comitative Ventiv - 3.Pers.Komitativ - go - 3.Pers.Subjekt ) " The man is holding his woman come. "
  • Tamil: மனைவியோடு maṉaiviy - Otu " with the wife ," அன்புடன் ANP -utan " with love "; The suffixes - Otu and orangutan are largely in free variation.
  • Hungarian: barátommal " with my friend," barátnőjével " with his girlfriend "; velem " with me "; In Hungarian, the comitative in general by the extension is marked -val/-vel that corresponds to the German "with". It should be noted that the "V" merges with a consonant and auslautenden doubled it. For personal pronoun vel is however the front, for example velem, veled while it acts as an ending in demonstrative, eg Ezzel, azzal .. There is also the much rarer ending -stul/-stül to identify a grouping of persons or objects in the sense of " with " or " together ": családostul " together with the family," barátnőstül " together with the girlfriend ."
Declension Hungarian language Basque language Tamil language Andative and venitive
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