Common Czech

Community Bohemian or Czech public ( Czech obecná čeština ) is the oral form of the Czech language that is used in everyday communication.

The common Bohemian is generally defined as Inter dialect that is used in Bohemia and Moravia West. It differs from the written form of the Czech language, which is usually felt in the informal communication ( in spoken form Hovorová čeština called ) as unnatural. Community Bohemian is not codified, so it developed more rapidly than the written language. Some of their developments take time off in the written forms of the Czech.

Historical background

The development of the special discrepancy between spoken language and written language in Czech, with this occupies a prominent position among the Slavic languages ​​, has its reasons in the history of Bohemia. Having made Battle of White Mountain in 1620, was lost for the Czechs and those of the following violent counter-reformation (ie recatholicization the largely Protestant population ) under the Habsburg monarchy prepares the ground, leaving a large part of the Czech-speaking elite the country. The Czech language lost so rapidly in importance in favor of the Germans.

When, in the course of the so-called National Revival of Czechs from the end of the 18th century, the Czech was reanimated as a written language - in charge here was the Slavic Josef Dobrovský - this was done on the basis of the so-called Veleslaviner Czech, the language of the Czech Brethren and the Kralice Bible. The development of spoken Czech language in their dialects in the now past 300 years have not been taken into account. One reason for this was that the spoken language had adopted many elements of the Germans in the centuries of German rule, which Dobrovský negatively judged and did not want to fix it by taking in the new written language.

The expectation that it would be next to the dialects of the spoken form of the high-level language to establish (comparable to the situation in Germany ) was not fulfilled. Instead, formed from the Bohemian dialects the common Bohemian as Koine out. In the communist era, the existence of the Bohemian community was officially ignored and only distinguished between a written and a spoken form and the dialects.

Dissemination

Empirical surveys have shown that especially the Bohemian part of the country is dominated by the Czech Republic Bohemian community, although it seems also spread to Moravian region. In Bohemia, the familial context is determined entirely by the public Bohemian. In kindergarten, the common Bohemian is preferred by children with each other and also from the teachers. In school it is widespread. The Czech standard language comes here only in writing or in oral recitation written ( reading ) or prepared texts ( papers ) are used. While it is used in informal conversational situations almost exclusively, it also dominates formal talks to about 60%. Also, the level of education of the speaker plays a role. While academics about 70% use standard Czech forms in formal talks, there are only 18% of the speakers with no high school diploma. It was also found that the Prague population less commonplace than the Bohemian tends Bewöhner the rural areas of Bohemia.

The distribution of the common Bohemian in all walks of life to enter into the formal interview situations to the fact that in addition to the written use is hardly any room for the use of the standard language. It was found that by doing many Czechs have problems in the default language - verbal or written - to express. Again and again, is therefore required to adapt the written language of the spoken language, while opponents of this approach call for a solution to the problem by improving the teaching of the standard language.

Special features ( compared to the standard language )

Significant differences between public Bohemian and Czech literary language are:

1) in the field of phonology:

  • Replacing the / i :/ ​​by the diphthong / ej / Community Bohemian dobrej vs. written language dobrý
  • Cizejch vs. cizích
  • Beyt vs. být
  • Mlejn vs. Mlyn
  • čerstvý mlíko vs. čerstvé mléko
  • Lítat vs. letat
  • šesnáct vs. šestnáct
  • Dycky vs. vždycky
  • Japko vs. jablko
  • řbitov vs. hřbitov
  • This vs. jsem (failure of j in the conjugated forms of být )
  • Nes vs. NESL (failure of l in the l - participle preceded in consonants )
  • Domu vs. domů,
  • Slyšim vs. slyším,
  • Knedliky vs. knedlíky
  • Of vs. on
  • Vokno vs. okno
  • Procs mi to nerek? vs.. Proč jsi mi to neřekl?

2) in the area of ​​morphology:

  • Unification of the genus-specific adjective endings in the nominative plural malý vs. malí ( mask, animate), malé ( mask, inanimate; fem ) and malá ( neuter )
  • Ending- ama in the instrumental plural declension of all, with the adjectives - YMA / EJMA / ima, eg s Nasima spolužákama, with our classmates ' instead of written language: s Nasimi spolužáky.

3) in the area of the syntax:

  • Use of in the default language exclusively temporal conjunction Když also conditionally (comparable to when the Germans).
  • Due to phonetic developments arisen own Konjunktionssystem: esli for jestli Dyby for kdyby, PRZE for protože, PAC poněvadž
  • Using the " universal pronoun " co instead of the standard language relative Který etc. (similar to where in the southern German -speaking countries ).
  • Avoidance of the possessive pronoun svůj favor of můj, tvůj etc. in the 1st and 2nd person. The pronoun svůj can be used for all three grammatical persons and always refers to the subject of the sentence. Its failure may be the result of a German influence, since such a pronoun in the German language in contrast to all Slavic languages ​​does not exist.

Situation in Moravia

In eastern Moravia not all come these phenomena to advantage. Since in the northeast of Moravia and Silesia, the vowels are generally spoken in short, they retain their original phonetic value ( dobry, čerstve mleko etc.). In Moravia a clear convergence can be made out to the Slovak.

Swell

  • Lenka Bayer: language vs. Language setting in Czech. An empirical and socio- linguistic study in West Bohemia and Prague. Sagner, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-87690-838-8.
  • P. Karlík, M. Nekula, J. Pleskalová (ed.): Dictionary Encyklopedický češtiny. Lidové noviny, Praha 2002, ISBN 80-7106-484- X.
  • Peter Kosta: Problems of Švejk translations in the West and South Slavic languages: linguistic studies on the translation of literary texts. Sagner, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-87690-353- X. Pp. 111ff.
  • Czech language
Bible of Kralice Koine Greek Instrumental case
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