Commuting

As a commuter people are called to cope the way from their home to their workplace, school or study with the aid of a means of transport.

Commuter can be divided into different groups. On one hand, according to the frequency (daily, weekly, weekends only) or on the other hand according to the distance traveled ( local and long distance commuters). A further distinction provide the terms commuters and commuters. Commuters are persons who do not have their jobs in their commune of residence. From the perspective of the workplace community they are commuters. As commuters persons are called to spend the weekend at their primary residence, their working days, however, completely at the location of their workplace.

The term " commuter " refers to the pendulum respect, since a similar commuting regularly between home and work back and forth.

Sociology

Commuters are a concomitant of the increasing mobility of the population. This allows, for example, that urban dwellers take peri-urban cheaper Baugründe claim in what is referred to as urban sprawl. This compares with the trend that new workplaces are increasingly formed in the vicinity of urban centers - which in turn attract the rural populace. A special case are commuting between the cities of a metropolitan area ( such as Rhein- Ruhr) or a metropolitan back and forth.

Studies by Norbert F. Schneider showed that commuters often suffer from psychosomatic illnesses such as headaches and back pain, drive less often, or go to checkups and total are under time pressure. This burden affects all the higher, the more the person sees the decision to commute as determined by others and not as a separate decision.

Use of transport

In 2004 there were 30 million commuters in Germany, of which approximately 360,000 working " commuters " ( pupils, students, self-employed not included). 1.5 million of them laid more than 50 kilometers driven back to their workplace and therefore are regarded as long-distance commuters. The most commonly used form of transport is 66% the car. The cities with the most commuters in Germany are Frankfurt, Munich and Hamburg.

In public transport reduced monthly and annual passes are available for this group. Likewise, additional vehicles at peak times for the way to work and in the afternoon for the trip home will be used by the transport companies on heavily used routes.

Some companies organize their scattered resident workforce commuting a proprietary network, which they cover either through work on buses or commuter ridesharing merge such as E.ON AG, BMW AG, or the Ford -Werke GmbH for its German locations. Some companies also offer job tickets for public transport instead of company parking lots.

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