Compensation (psychology)

With compensation strategy is referred to in psychology, with the conscious or unconscious attempt is made to compensate for a real or imagined inferiority.

History

Alfred Adler, the founder of individual psychology introduced the term compensation in 1907 in his study of the inferiority of organs as a response of the organism to an organ inferiority one. Adler noted that if threatens to turn the balance against the organism in the reciprocal relationship between body and environment, it responds with Kompensierungsversuchen. Since the psyche in the parent central nervous system, as part of the whole organism, the compensation process plays a role, Adler came to the concept of psychological compensation.

Later expanded Adler 's theory with the concept of the inferiority complex. Individual psychology sees the cause of compensation in the inferiority of the infant due to its imperfection as a human being. If the feeling of inferiority is too strong, a neurotic life plan may evolve in the way of compensation. A really existing inferiority that is experienced exaggerated, can be compensated with a more or less imaginary superiority. The situation of inferiority or inferiority found eagle in the psychological field, especially in the three life tasks work - love - Community ( infant, siblings, school, job, marriage, testing situations, etc.) again. It dissolves in humans from a state of feeling, called the Eagle feeling of inferiority. Similar to the compensation of organ inferiority, the human psyche is committed to this state of inferiority by a - like eagles called it - to overcome striving for.

Overcompensation

Adler saw three conditions that may cause the compensation overshoots the target and is used to overcompensation. These are the barriers of culture, the chaining of the dominant superstructure to other psychological fields ( visual superstructure to the acoustic, etc.) and the frailty of compensation. As examples, called Adler: the genius inferiority when visual apparatus of poets and painters, organ inferiority as stuttering in speakers, actors and singers, ear complaints in musicians.

Dissemination

With his theory of relative inferiority, as a result of interaction with the physical environment and social environment, Adler formulated an early form of the field theory. The compensation theory has similarities with the developed by Walter Cannon homeostasis. The interaction of body and psyche described in Adler's theory of compensation, represents an early treatment of the problem of psychosomatic

Compensation in psychoanalysis

The classical psychoanalysis considers the structure of the psyche as a complex system of ideas ( representations ) that are associated with each other. However, not all ideas are associable with one another to the same extent. Many associations are actively suppressed by the patient (fail) and form each other in the unconscious a complex system from which to try to push into consciousness from time to time ideas. This puts the ongoing process of displacement starts, as its behavior even result the symptom is seen.

If the patient perceives the symptom and realizes he may seek to mitigate it by other measures. The compensation here is the ability to prevent the onset of the symptom by more than just the tool displacement. The individual strategies here are very diverse ( defense mechanisms ).

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