Composite material
A composite material or composite material is a material of two or more related materials, which other material properties than its individual components. The properties of the composites material properties and geometry of the components are important. In particular, size effects often play a role. The connection is made by a material or form-fit connection, or a combination of both. For packaging next to the term composite for manufactured materials used for this purpose.
Geometric subdivision
After the geometry of the composite, a distinction:
- Particle composite, also referred to as dispersion -based materials,
- Composite materials,
- Layer composite materials, also referred to as laminates
- Durchdringungsverbundwerkstoffe,
- Structural composites.
The components of a composite material can thereby be itself again composites. At particle and fiber composites particles or fibers are another component of the composite material, the so-called matrix embedded. In fiber-reinforced composites, the fibers may run in one or more specific directions or have preferential directions. Fiber composites can be produced in layers, but are by no layer composites, when the successive layers are similar. The term laminate is, however, also be used here. Layer composites consist of stacked layers of different number. The special case of three layers, two identical outer layers, also referred to as a sandwich composite. In Durchdringungsverbundwerkstoffen form the individual components for each cohesive, open-pore materials. They are prepared for example by impregnating an open-pore sintered material (for example, a foam ceramic) with a molten second material.
Material subdivision
From the material classification of materials into polymeric ( plastic), metal, ceramic and organic materials, the basic combinations for composites arise. In this case the specific application attempts to combine the advantages of the various constituent materials in Endwerkstoff and eliminate the disadvantages.
Examples of fiber composites:
- Glass-fiber reinforced glass,
- Metal matrix composite material, such as aluminum borfaserverstärktes
- Fiber cement (eg " Eternit ")
- Ceramic fiber composite ( for example, carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide in high-performance brake disks )
- Self-reinforced thermoplastics ( plastic fibers in a plastic matrix of the same composition )
- Reinforced concrete,
- Fiber-reinforced concrete, steel fiber concrete,
- Fiber - plastic composites carbon fiber reinforced plastic ( CFRP)
- Glass-fiber reinforced plastic (GRP )
- Aramidfaserverstärkter plastic ( AFK )
- Natural fiber reinforced plastic ( NFK )
- Wood -plastic composites ( WPC)
Examples of layer composites:
- Composite panels (eg plywood)
- Composite pipes
- TIGR composite: a material consisting of titanium, carbon fibers and epoxy resin
- Glass fiber reinforced aluminum: A material made of glass fiber reinforced plastic and aluminum
- Sandwich construction
- Bimetallic
- Hylite, a sandwich structure composed of a plastic plate which is sandwiched between two aluminum plates / films.