Composting toilet
A composting toilet (also dry toilet ) is a toilet without flushing, are in the feces directly into a container filled with bark mulch or straw containers and composted there. In places that are not connected to the public sewerage system, the compost toilet is a relatively low-odor, economic and ecological alternative to chemical toilet or a simple pit latrine. Similar to the outhouse comes from a real compost toilet with little or no water for rinsing because the compost should not be too moist or wet. The precipitates are biologically useful recycled as compost fertilizer.
There are solutions with dug into the ground or artificial closed containers that are heated partly because of the better composting.
Species
In the dry separation toilet (TTC ) the natural separation of human excreta is consistently maintained by urine and feces are collected separately. Here, the urine is either discharged to the sewer or collected in a container and used for example as a fertilizer in the garden. The solid excrement and toilet paper are ( bark chips, wood shavings, straw), absorbed with the admixture of coarse cellulosic material in a container, which is located under the TTC. A special hygiene flap creates a seal in the container. The solids can then be composted. As a result, drinking water and wastewater treatment plants and landfills saves are relieved because the sludge from sewage treatment plants often must be disposed of as hazardous waste in landfills because they contain harmful substances.
Depending on the further handling of the excreta TTC can be divided into different types:
TTC with Clippings: The droppings are collected in a container. This has a volume of 20 to 200 liters and located in or under the toilet seat. The emptying is done manually in a garden composter or a central collection point.
TTC with Combination tank: With this new type of urine and feces are stored separately in a combined collection container. This container is fully installed in the bottom and is designed for 2000 uses toilet before it must be emptied.
TTC with Compost: The feces are composted in a special composter under the toilet seat. This must be placed in a space under the toilet room. The liquid components are derived. The solid components are decomposed, while under gravity slip on the steep inner wall of the container down. Below is a sampling valve, where the mature compost can be removed.
The TTC is to have an exhaust system characterized is the use less odor than the toilet. Approximately resulting foul smells are sucked due to the prevailing negative pressure (chimney effect).
History
Dry toilets were already used in ancient times and were used until the late 20th century in villages in the form of pit latrines. The problem here, however, were the unpleasant odors caused by common collection of urine and feces. In castles found a miscarriage bay use. In farmhouses to an outhouse was occasionally on the upper floor, the excrements fell on the dunghill.
On 28 May 1860, the English clergyman and inventor Henry Moule filed a patent for a dry toilet and established for their production and distribution, the company Moule Patent Earth Closet Co. Ltd.. Until the beginning of the 20th century there were many cities separating toilets without flushing. The urine was sprinkled on a so-called mud wall. There were, for example, Restaurants in Hamburg, where the urine was able to walk to a standing in the backyard of a mud wall located upstairs toilet by gradient. This took up the urine, of which the moisture has evaporated and crystallized saltpetre. The nitric acid was scraped from the mud walls and could be sold to ammunition or fertilizer plants. This work resulted from the so-called saltpetre. With the discovery of Chile saltpeter died from this profession. Around the same time the adobe walls were displaced by the water toilets.
The technique of TTC was developed in Sweden.