Confusion and diffusion

Diffusion is in cryptology a principle for the resolution of statistical structures of a plaintext in the course of encryption. It goes back to the American mathematician Claude Shannon. An example of a random structure of a plain text, the character frequency.

To achieve diffusion, should be a secure encryption algorithm when a small part of the plaintext is changed, change the ciphertext in an unpredictable way. This property is known as an avalanche effect.

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