Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818)
- Aachen Congress from 1668 (see: Peace of Aachen (1668 ) )
- Aachen Congress in 1748 (see: Peace of Aachen (1748 ) ).
The Aachen Congress was held in the city of Aachen on 29 September to 21 November 1818.
Participants were victoriously emerged from the wars of liberation States. In addition to the Holy Alliance of Austria, Prussia and Russia and Britain and France took part.
The Aachen Congress considered the first Monarch congress, attended by Tsar Alexander I, accompanied by Karl Robert Nesselrode, Friedrich Wilhelm III. ( Prussia), Emperor Francis I of Austria accompanied by Christian Günther, Count Bernstorff, Clemens Wenzel Lothar Fürst von Metternich and Prince Karl August von Hardenberg, as the British representative Arthur Wellesley Wellington and Robert Castlereagh and on the side of France Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu took part.
The Congress discussed measures to combat the revolutionary democratic movement in Europe. A memoir " The current situation in Germany" was submitted by the Tsar to Congress. This strict measures to monitor the spiritual life and the universities were required. This memorandum provided the impetus for the Carlsbad Decrees and the demagogues pursuits.
In a treaty with France, the conditions were set for good, resulting from the Treaty of Paris of 1815. There the immediate withdrawal of occupation troops from France was - originally only planned for 1820 - and determines the reduction of the war reparations from 700 to 265 million francs. In a convention reaffirmed the four victorious powers - Russia, Prussia, Austria and England - their determination to support the re- employed in France feudal regime of the Bourbons ( restoration time), if necessary by force of arms.
France should in future be drawn to the negotiations. It thus came as a fifth great power back into the European concert. The declaration, adopted on November 21, 1818 announced the solidarity of the congress participants to ensure the peace, of faith and morals, which had been shaken " by the misfortune of the times."
The signatories undertook to guarantee the since 1815 existing limits in Europe, and social relations. Previously, a variety of issues had been settled, such as the slave trade and the rank order of diplomacy. The Baden and Bavarian border dispute over the Palatinate was decided in favor of Baden. Next since the valid diplomatic rank has been set.
The Congress was the European monarchies in the form of the great powers in not again reached unanimity.
In the Aachen Congress monument, the Congress street, the Alexander Street, the Friedrich -Wilhelm-Platz and the Franzstraße remember to Congress.